摘要
本文讨论词汇映射理论ＬＭＴ在汉语句法研究中的应用。在介绍了ＬＭＴ的理论特点之后，我们指出在处理汉语的被字句和存现句时ＬＭＴ存在的一些问题，并给出我们认为比较合适的解决办法。我们认为除了使用ＬＭＴ提供的方法外，还应该允许在词典中限制某些论旨角色的可能映射。结合汉语被字句和存现句的特点，我们修改了ＬＭＴ的特殊默认分类规则，提出应该将予事和目标格赋予特征值［＋ｒ］而不是［ｏ］，并讨论了如何利用ＬＭＴ来解释不同语言之间的差异以及使用时应该注意的一些问题。另外，我们认为在区分“着”施事者删除规则和被动化规则时，不一定需要求助于不同的词汇层次，只要规定两者的操作结果不同就可以说明相关的现象。
This paper discusses the application of Lexical Mapping Theory (LMT) to certain aspects of syntactic study in Chinese It focuses on two constructions: the existential construction and the bei passive construction After briefly introducing the basic concepts of LMT, we point out some inadequate treatment of previous studies on these two constructions, especially that by Tan (1991) While we agree with Tan for a Maleficiary Role Insertion (MRI) in Chinese which helps to explain the difference between English and Chinese passive constructions, we do not think that MRI is triggered by bei , and we claim that there should be a general MRI, constrained by some semantic conditions, which is responsible for the maleficiary role insertion in both bei passive sentences and sentences with unaccusative verbs With the help of MRI, we can provide a satisfactory explanation to the puzzling 'retained' object construction We argue that, instead of using Tan's default subject rule which assigns patient roles the highest priority, for them to be the subject of a passive sentence, we should assign both recipient and goal roles in Chinese with the intrinsic role classification (IC) of in order to explain their different behavior in the passive construction from their English counterparts Our treatment employs the new IC feature of recipient and goal roles and the subject condition that assigns the subject function to the highest role with no feature Besides being simpler than Tan's, our analysis also avoids claiming that patient roles be the subject in (passive) sentences with a maleficiary role We also show that LMT should allow employing and in the verb lexicon, to explain differences among verbs, especially those idiosyncratic properties of some verbs We propose to extend the special default classification rule of LMT to accommodate the fact that Chinese allows the oblique agent to appear in the locative inversion sentence, and suggest that the passive operation be conceived as assigning a feature to the agent role, thus providing a natural connection between the original agent role of the verb and the oblique agent We argue that there is no need to assume two lexical levels to explain, on the one hand, the difference between the 'zhe' agent deletion rule (Pan 1996) and the passive rule, and on the other hand, the difference between the le and zhe locative inversion sentences, provided that we assume that the end results of the two rules differ: the zhe rule does delete the agent role, while the passive operation only demotes it Following Pan (1996), we take the le sentence to be derived from argument dropping, and the zhe sentences from agent deletion Our analysis is simpler than the two level analysis in that, besides hypothesizing two lexical levels, the latter also needs an additional rule argument dropping to explain the relevant differences At the end of the paper, we discuss some general issues related to the application of a new theory to Chinese syntactic study
出处
《现代外语》
CSSCI
北大核心
1997年第4期4+3+5-18,共16页
Modern Foreign Languages
关键词
汉语句法
词汇映射理论
被字句
存现句
Lexical Mapping Theory, Chinese syntax, bei passive, existential sentence
