摘要
上海市青浦县崧泽遗址,曾于1960、1961年进行过试掘,已了解它的内涵为三层,下层属于马家浜文化,中层为崧泽墓地,上层为几何印纹硬陶遗存。1974至1976年,遗址所在地兴建校舍,为保护文物,我们配合工程在遗址周围进行第二次发掘,又发现一批新石器时代的墓葬和文化遗物,为研究崧泽类型的文化面貌,提供了新的资料。一发掘坑位和地层堆积这次共发掘探方六个(编号T1—6)。1974年发掘探方一个(T1),位于北边教室门前,与第一次发掘探方的西壁相邻,清理墓葬十七座。1975年发掘探方二个(T2、3),T2位于土墩的西部、办公室的南墙外,清理墓葬六座;T3位于第一次发掘区的东侧,清理墓葬一座。
Between 1974 and 1976 the second season of excavation was conducted at the Songze site in Qingpu County outside Shanghai. In an area of 202 square meters, 46 tombs were unearthed from the middle layer and a lot of artifacts belonging to the Majiabang culture discovered from the lower layer. These new finds have provided more clues for further study on the Songze culture. Stratigraphically, these tombs were respeetively found in the yellow, grey-yellow and grey-brown clay layers. Among them six groups of tombs were superimposed one upon another. According to stratigraphical evidence, orientation of skeleton positions and evolution of artifacts, and also taking into consideration the data from the previous season of excavation, they may be classified into three stages: the first stage is quite similar to the Majiabang culture, the second is typical of the Songze culture and the third bears evidence of the evolution from the Songze culture to the Liangzhu culture. Therefore, the Songze culture may present itself to be an important missing link between the Majiabang and Liangzhu cultures in Lake Taihu area.Most of the tools of production unearthed are axes, adzes, chisels and other farm and handicraft tools. Hunting tools are rare. This indicates that farming had already replaced hunting as the main mode of production.Pottery was hand-made, retouched on the wheel and baked skilfully in reduction kiln atmosphere that resulted in a predominance of grey ware. Primitive art developed as production was progressing. Pottery vessels in beautiful shape and form were decorated with impressed, carved, openwork, embossed or painted patterns. Many of them could still be ranked as fine works of art.Among the Songze womenfolks, wearing jade ornaments had come into fashion. Many of the female skeletons were found with semi-annular jade pendants, some with a stone bracelet on the upper arm, and a few with a piece of jade in the mouth. Pietographic characters were also found on the pottery pieces.Judging by the conditions of burial, the people seemed to hold equal social status at the Songze stage. The dead were all buried individually in an extended posture without digging a pit. Burial accessories in the tombs of the same stage were not much different from each other in number. Only two joint burial tombs were so far discovered, each containing a female and a child skeleton. It indicates that children customarily stayed with their mothers.Burial accessories for female tomb occupants were slightly more than that for male ones. It shows that the female were still very much respected in those days. And the Songze culture might belong to the late period of the matriarchal society.Radiocarbon tests conducted on human bone remains from Tomb 90 of the second stage and Tomb 87 of the third stage gave dates of 5860±245 and 5180±140 B.P. (both calibrated) respectively.
出处
《考古学报》
1980年第1期29-58,139-144,共36页
Acta Archaeologica Sinica
