摘要
本世纪50年代,英国哲学家奥斯汀(J.L.Austin,1911-1960)针对当时盛行的逻辑实证主义语言理论,提出了言语行为理论。他认为,语言不仅是对客观世界进行描述的工具,而且本身就是一种行为,即言语行为。由于仅用真实与谬误的概念很难对言语行为作出圆满的判断,奥斯汀又进一步论证了逻辑实证主义以真值条件为基础的语义理论的局限性。奥斯汀做了开创性的工作,但他的理论在前期和后期往往不一致,缺乏系统性。言语行为理论的集大成者是美国语言哲学家舍尔(John R.Searle)。他系统地发展了奥斯汀的言语行为学说,为言语行为提供了语言哲学的理论基础,阐明了言语行为分类的原则和标准,提出了间接言语行为问题,并探讨了言语行为的形式化,即言外示力逻辑问题。经舍尔的努力,言语行为理论已成为当代语用学的重要组成部分,为语言研究提供了新的途径。
The speech act theory dates back to J. L. Austin's work in the 1950s, becoming a fully accepted theory and a component of pragmatics in the 1970s. J. R. Searle not only systematized the theory, but also provided it with a philosophical basis. His classification of speech acts, introduction of indirect speech acts, and exposition of illocutionary logic have useful implications regarding cross-cultural linguistic contacts, translation and second/foreign language teaching.
出处
《外语教学与研究》
1988年第4期29-33,80,共6页
Foreign Language Teaching and Research
