摘要
一前几年,我们曾写过一篇《殷周青铜容器上鸟纹的断代研究》,发表在《考古学报》1984年3期,作为青铜器纹饰断代研究的尝试,颇受各方的注意。本文是此项研究课题的继续,研究的对象是殷周青铜容器上最主要的纹饰之一的兽面纹。
The animal mask design has traditionally been n called the tao tie ogremask. It often occurs on bronze vessels of the Yin-Zhou period. In the present paper the authors select 133 pieces of Yin-Zbou bronze containers as examples for examination and divide their animal masks into four types, namely the simple mask, the branching-tailed mask, the bodied mask and the dissolved mask, which are further subdivided into 40 forms. These types and forms show the evolutionary process of the motif.
On the Erlitou bronze vessels, the earliest bronze containers known so far in China, no animal masks have been discovered, but dragon designs and symbols of animal eyes occur on potshards of this culture. This indicates that the animal mask on Yin-Zhou bronze vessels may very possibly have originated from the Erlitou culture.
On bronzes, animal masks first appeared in the Erligang period with the branching-tailed type most characteristic of this stage. They were made by the primitive technique of incising lines on outer or inner moulds. The animal masks of the Yin Ruins Ⅰ preserved a lot of the Erlighang tradition, but those of the Yin Ruins Ⅱ show much development. They were mostly made by the more advanced terhniques of embossing and bas-relief, and the 'thunder' patterns was commonly used as their background decoration. The simple mask, bodied mask and dissolved mask show a great range of diversity, but the branching-tailed type basically disappeared. In the Yin Ruins Ⅲ there was little innovation in the animal mask. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, this kind of decoration undoubtedly inherited the Yin tradition, but it also shows characteristics of its own age. For example, it was simplified in the Cheng-Kang period and again became splendid during King Zhao's reign. In the middle Western Zhou it began to decline gradually, with the dissolved type tending towards impoverished curves. This change finally led to the disappearance of the animal mask that had been the most important motif of Yin-Zhou bronze vessels.
出处
《考古学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
1990年第2期137-168,共32页
Acta Archaeologica Sinica
