摘要
香港于80年代后期由于工业向内地转移而进行了经济结构转型,成为一个金融及服务中心。工业的就业人数骤减。同时,金融、保险、房地产及商业服务业人员激增。其经济结构转型的主要原因是中国实行“开放改革”政策使香港地区的工业能向内地转移。首先由于毗邻的珠江三角洲廉价劳动力的吸引。经济结构转型最大的负面影响是失业人口及劳动力的规划。这对城市规划产生了深远的影响。城市规划需要解决旧工业区的重建、日益增长的工业办公楼的需求及工业区区位要求的变化等问题。同时,它还需要开发科技园及办公楼等基本设施来吸引新型的工业及经济活动。
Hong Kong has lost its position as a major manufacturing centre in Asia and has under-gone rapid economic restructuring since the late 1980s because of the northward migration of its industries to China . It is transforming itself into a financial and service centre. Manufactur-ing employment decreased from 47. 0 per cent of the total employment in 1971 to 28. 2 per cent in 1991 whereas its financing, insurance, real estate and business services sector increased from 2. 5 per cent in 1971 to 10. 6 per cent over the same period. Economic restructuring in Hong Kong is mainly due to the adoption of the 'open door' policy in China in 1978 which provided opportunities for Hong Kong manufacturers to establish plants in China. With lower labour cost and land prices in the zhujiang Delta adjacent to Hong Kong, many industries in Hong Kong have either migrated or set up outward processing plants there. Economic restructuring has had a major impact on the development of Hong Kong, especially in terms unemployment and manpower planning. It has also had an impact on urban planning in Hong Kong. Urban plan-ning has to deal with the decline of old urban districts, increased demand for industrial/office buidings, and changes in the locational demands of industries. It also has to develop science parks and office buildings to provide the basic infrastructure to attract new types of industries and economic activities to face the challenge of the rapid decline in its traditional manufacturing base.
出处
《地理学报》
EI
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
1997年第S1期39-51,共13页
Acta Geographica Sinica
基金
"香港工业结构转型研究"的其中一项研究
关键词
香港
经济结构转型
城市土地利用规划
Key words Hong Kong, economic restructuring, urban land use planning
