摘要
香港人口稠密,但由于地势多山,使大幅郊区得以保留,成为水塘集水区,并用作自然护理、教育以及供市民作户外康乐用途的郊野公园。香港虽然经历了一个多世纪集约式的发展,使许多自然生态系统受到严重破坏,但若能悉心保护,仍有不少地方可保存景观优美、生态平衡的自然环境。港英政府自70年代中期开始建立郊野公园及保护区体系,迄今全港共有22个郊野公园,14个特别地区和58个具特殊科学价值地点,约占全港土地40%。经过多年的审慎研究,海岸公园条例终于在1995年5月获得通过,该条例赋予港英政府所需法定权力去划定及管理香港的海岸公园及海岸保护区。郊野公园和海岸公园的设立,不仅为保护本港生物多样性提供了必要的条件,还为600多万市民提供户外活动和生态教育的埸所,是香港最重要的自然资源。
Although Hong Kong is one of the most crowded city in the world, yet about three-quar-ters of its land area is countryside. A wide variety of animal and plant life can be found in the territory, especially in the 'New Territories'. Many rural areas, with green hillsides and wooded valleys, remain virtually untouched by the rapid urban development of the past two decades. These areas provide the basis for the development of nature conservation system in Hong Kong. When properly preserved and managed, Hong Kong still be able to contribute substantially to the maintenance of biodiversity of the territory. Nature conservation programs started only in the mid-70s when the Country Parks Ordinance was enacted in 1976 to provide a legal framework for the designation, development and management of country parks and spe-cial areas. To date, Hong Kong has 22 country parks, 14 special areas and 58 Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). Together, they cover about 40% of the land area of Hong Kong. Moreover,the Marine Parks Ordinance,enacted in May 1995, provides the necessary statutory powers for the designation and management of marine parks and marine reserves in Hong Kong. However, in recent years, the integrity of our the existing country parks and other conservation areas are increasingly threatened by encroaching deveclopment projects. This pa-per first discusses the variety of the physical environment and the biodiversity of Hong Kong. It then examines the development of conservation policies and programs and the crisis con-fronting nature conservation in recent years. Finally, the paper reviews recent survey findings about the ecological consciousness of Hongkongers and the implications of the findings for the nature conservation development of the territory.
出处
《地理学报》
EI
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
1997年第S1期152-160,共9页
Acta Geographica Sinica
关键词
生物多样性
自然保育
郊野公园
生态意识
保育政策
Key words biodiversity, natural conservation, country park,ecological consciousness, conservation policy
