摘要
资本主义可以分为"资本主义前期社会"和"资本主义消费社会"。于前者,资本主义主要是利用人们的生存欲望而奴役大众;于后者,资本主义主要是通过制造和繁殖欲望,再利用大众的贪欲而奴役大众。我们发现:贪欲是可以被制造出来的,又可以自我循环,自我繁殖,自我强化,并具有无限的增长趋势;贪欲还是一种异化的欲望,即这种本属于人自己的内在欲望却与人自己的本真需要相背离,相反对。这非但不能肯定生命,反而否定生命,成为奴役人的力量,也使得人离真正的幸福越来越远。在欲望异化的视角下,我们开始重新诠释马克思共产主义社会中的"按需分配"。我们发现马克思所说的"按需分配"绝不是满足贪欲,即"想要什么就给什么",而是对人类本真的物质需要而言的"按需分配"。基于此,我们提出了"节制欲望的共产主义"之新共产主义概念。我们发现:人类惟有走"节制欲望的共产主义"道路,才能把自己从贪欲中解放出来,才能实现人的真正自由的全面发展,人类和地球才可以存续。最后,为了实现节制欲望的共产主义,我们呼唤人类文明的再启蒙。并指出,这次启蒙的任务必然由马克思主义和中国传统文化的共同高昂来承担。通过"禁止欲望——释放与制造欲望——节制欲望"的否定之再否定的发展过程,人类社会也终将进入更高一级的文明——节制欲望的共产主义。
Capitalism can be divided into 'pre-capitalist society' and 'consumption capitalist society'. In the former,capitalism mainly uses people's desire of survival to enslave the masses,in the latter,capitalism slaves the masses mainly through manufacturing and reproducing desire and greed to them. We found that the greed can be manufactured,and can be self reproduced,reinforced and growing infinitely. Greed is also a kind of alienated desire,that is,the desires,which should belong to people′inner needs,become deviated from the true desire of the people. Therefore,instead of affirming life,it becomes denying life and enslaving people,making people more and more far away from the real happiness.On the basis of desire alienation,we began to re-interpret Marx′s 'distribution according to needs' in communist society. We find that Marx's 'distribution according to need' is not for satisfying greed,not for 'distributing you whatever you want',but for satisfying the necessary needs of the human being. Because of this,we put forward the 'desired controlled communism',a new concept of communism. We find that only if we take the road of 'desire controlled communism',we then free ourselves from the greed,develop ourselves allround truly and the earth can survive. Finally,in order to realize the 'desired controlled communism',we call for a re-enlightenment of human civilization,and pointed out that the task of re-enlightenment should be undertaken jointly by Marxism and Chinese traditional culture. By 'forbidding desires-releasing and creating desire —controlling desire',that is,the development process of re-negation,the human will enter a higher level of civilization—the 'desired controlled communism'.
出处
《南开经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第6期3-17,共15页
Nankai Economic Studies
关键词
欲望
异化
节制欲望的共产主义
按需分配
再启蒙
Desire
Alienation
Desired Controlled Communism
Distribution According to Needs
Re-enlightenment
