摘要
世界性的通识教育依据其哲学基础、课程体系和历史路径可以划分为美国模式和欧洲模式两大类型。美国模式的通识教育视通识教育为一门独立的学科,特征是本科前两年课程模块设置突出自由教育的特征,强调课程设置的本科生学习自我建构,后两年则以专业规格设置课程体系。欧洲大学通识教育的特色是以专业教育的形式实现通识教育的目标,他们否定共同课程的有效性,认为通识教育的目标必须通过正式或非正式的方法,将通识教育课程结合到整个大学的学术活动中。每一种模式都指向其合法性基础,即精英教育和自由教育的价值预设,并有效达成。欧美不同范型的通识教育说明,即便是相同的教育目标,也没有统一或不变的模式,每一种教育模式的背后都是历史文化与国家民族特色的印记。
Based on the philosophical basis, the course system and historical path, worldwide general education can be divided into the two types of American mode and European mode. The American model of general education regards general education as an independent discipline whose prominent feature is first two years in undergraduate course is inclined to free education characteristics, emphasizing the self-construction in curriculum for undergraduate learning, followed by the last two yeas of professional specifications. As for European model of general education, it is characterized by realizing the goal of general education with the form of professional education. It denies the validity of the common curriculum and claims that the goal of general education can be realized through formal or informal method, which means it advises to combine the general education curriculum with the whole academic activities. Each model has its legitimacy foundation, namely value presupposition of elite education and free education. By comparing the different paradigms of general education in Europe and America, it suggests that even for the same educational goal, there exists no uniform or invariable model. Behind each kind of education pattern are the imprint of history culture and national characteristics.
出处
《教育学术月刊》
北大核心
2015年第4期3-13,共11页
Education Research Monthly
基金
国家社科基金教育学一般项目"大学理念与大学制度关系研究"
编号:BIA130059
关键词
通识教育
理想类型
美国模式
欧洲模式
general education,ideal type,American mode,European mode
