摘要
为了解乙型肝炎 (乙肝 )疫苗 (HepB)接种情况及其影响因素 ,采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法 ,在乙肝扶贫项目县礼泉、眉县抽取 5 11名 12～ 18月龄儿童及其母亲为调查对象 ,采血检测乙肝病毒表面抗原 (HBsAg)。结果为 :儿童HepB全程接种率、首针及时接种率、全程及时接种率分别为 95 5 %、94 9%、89 0 % ;母亲HBsAg阳性率 2 2 % ,儿童无 1例HBsAg阳性。分析提示 :第 1胎儿童HepB全程接种率显著地高于≥ 2胎 (χ2 =4 5 5 8,P<0 0 5 ) ;不同文化程度母亲的儿童HepB首针及时接种率、全程接种率间差异有显著的统计学意义 (χ2 =10 0 88～ 12 5 4 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,全程及时接种率间差异有非常显著的统计学意义 (χ2 =2 1 4 9,P <0 0 1) ;儿童首针HepB接种全部在出生地点 ,第 2、3针主要在乡村级 ;加强培训和开展广泛的宣传是提高HepB接种率的关键 ;借助医生和媒体宣传是最好的宣传方式 ;开展孕妇HBsAg筛查 ,对其阳性者的新生儿及时接种HepB是降低乙肝发病的最佳策略。
In order to understand the immunization status of hepatitis B(HB)vaccine and its affecting factors,we used stratified multistage random cluster sampling method to observe 511 infants of 12-18 months old together with their mothers from LiQuan and Mei counties for their serum HBsAg.The results showed that the whole course vaccination rate,the first dose and whole course timely vaccination rates of HB vaccine were 95.5%,94.9% and 89.0% in infants respectinely,the positive rate of HBsAg in mothers investigated was 2.2% and none of the infants was HBsAg positive.The whole course vaccination rate of HB vaccines for first baby was higher than that of the second or the following babies(χ 2=4.558,P<0.05).Infants born from mothers of different cultural levels showed marked differences in the first-dose vaccination rate and the whole course vaccination rate(χ 2=10.088～12.54,P<0.05)and extremely in timely whole course vaccination rate(χ 2=21.49,P<0.01).The first dose of all the new borns was at their birth place,the second and the third were at the clinics of township level. We held that the important ways of raising HB vaccine coverage rate are to conduct training classes,to propagate through doctors,to screen the HBsAg of pregnant women and vaccinating timely to their newborns,thus to decrease the hepatitis B cases.
出处
《中国计划免疫》
2004年第3期145-148,共4页
Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization
关键词
乙型肝炎疫苗
预防接种
影响因素
Hepatitis B vaccine
Preventive inoculation
affecting factor
Analysis
