摘要
黑河下游地区深处内陆腹地,气候极度干旱,冬春季节多大风,生态环境恶劣,黑河进入下游地区的水量是维系区内生态的主要水源。20世纪80年代以来,由于中游地区过量开采,流入下游的水量大幅减少,导致东、西居延海相继干涸,绿洲草场大面积沙化,沙尘暴肆虐,生态环境恶化。2002年以后,由于执行国务院有关黑河分水方案,东、西居延海相继恢复湖面,绿洲区生机盎然,生态环境得到恢复。黑河下游地区地下水储存量达到3000×108m3以上,水质较好。黑河沿途渗漏是地下水的主要补给来源,不同河段渗漏的水量通过古河道网络迳流、排泄,维系着额济纳绿洲和古日乃荒漠绿洲植被生态。目前,正在修建旨在防止河床渗漏的甘蒙引水渠,遗弃原有河道,将会切断地下水的补给,导致依靠地下水滋养的古日乃荒漠绿洲植被消失,形成新的规模巨大的沙尘暴源区。
Located in a inland hinterland, the lower reaches of the Heihe River, have a arid climate with strong wind in summer and winter. Water in the lower reaches is the main resource for eco-environment in the zone. The water supply has declined from year to year since 1980's, and the West Juyan Lake and the East Juyan Lake dried up in 1961 and 1992 respectively. Subsequently, grass and plant deteriorated seriously and, as a result, the desert area increased. A new dispatch water plan was carried out, and from July 8 to July 23, 2002, water successfully flowed to the Juyan Lakes.The ecosystem recovered to some degree and the groundwater level rose. The groundwater reserves are abundant in the lower Heihe River basin and are over 3?000ⅹ10~8m^3/a. Leakage of the Heihe River is the major supply for the groundwater, which sustains the vegetation of the Ejina Oasis and the Gurilai Oasis. A headwater channel named Gan-Mong now is being built to prevent leakage from the river will cut off the supply for the groundwater and lead to the disappearance of the Gurilai Oasis, where sandstorm will originate.
出处
《水文地质工程地质》
CAS
CSCD
2004年第5期21-25,共5页
Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology
基金
国土资源部2000年科技专项计划第二项目资助(200010302)
关键词
水环境
沙尘暴
黑河流域
water environment
sandstorm
Heihe Rive basin
