摘要
本文用典型的认知语言学“基本行为 → 概念化 (即范畴化和图式化)→ 语言形状”模式为基础,在 ICM 框架中分析了带有文化意识因素的汉语第一人称零主语 ○ 的典型使用情况。作者认为,东西方文化的差异,对自我地位肯定程度的不同,必定在语形上留下烙印。由于形式语言学的参数调整和数理逻辑语言模式运算等方式,在 ○的分析方面显得苍白无力,采纳ICM 分析法,似乎可以在语言学所追求的两大目的之间,即“理论精致性”和“语用现实性”这一“能量守恒”的理论天平上,找到较为理想的平衡。
According to Fillmore (1982) and Lakoff (1987), folk theories such as pragmatic experience and cultural knowledge about the world can be theoretically captured as frames (Fillmore) and ICMs (Lakoff) and may not look strictly scientific. However, as ICM successfully incorporates both denotational and representational sides of meaning, it may well help to depict some language phenomena which cannot be fully described within formal approaches. In this paper, therefore, we argue that semiotic relationship may not be totally objective. Ontological entities (O) may not be directly mapped epistemologically onto the symbolic system in the form of E but may rather give rise to corresponding ECs as organic combinations of epistemological counterpart of O and cognitive factors such as imagination, image schema, etc. We believe that this way of theorization enjoys priority over formal approaches in analyzing zero subject (○) phenomenon in Chinese. Furthermore, ○ can be subcategorized into ○e type (zero exophora) and ○a type (zero anaphora). These are different from empty syntactic categories such as 'e', 't', 'pro' and 'PRO'. In linguistic literature, zero anaphora is usually studied in a [Xr ← A] framework. Yet, zero anaphora in general and first person zero anaphora in particular in Chinese boasts of a number of other analytic possibilities such as [Xr ← ○a],[○e← ○a], etc. and the length of the chain could be excessively great. This gives rise to an A model (anaphoric), a B model (inferential) and a C model (grammatical) in the description of the ○ phenomenon. An investigation shows that C model seems to be the most prototypical. That is, if an ICM is constructed to analyze the ○ phenomenon, we may find that [○] is more prototypical than [我], [自己], etc. And the ICM can equally depict C model as more prototypical than both A model and B model, put against data of the same nature. This is so simply because in the process of grammatical fossilization of the phenomenon, CC (cognitive factors) holds sway (rather than physical contextual factors (PC) or linguistic contextual factors (LC)), and some ideological content (e.g. Im) may enter the semantic domain of ○ with the lapse of time and thus produce a ○/Im parasitic cognitive unit.
出处
《现代外语》
CSSCI
北大核心
2001年第1期34-43,共10页
Modern Foreign Languages
