摘要
太湖地处长江下游三角洲 ,水域面积为 2 338km2 ,平均水深 1.9m ,最大水深不足 2 .6m ,为一典型的大型浅水湖泊。太湖流域地势平坦 ,河网密布 ,河湖水力关系复杂。其主要补给径流来自西南部的天目山区及西部的宜溧河流域。每年夏天 ,大部分入湖洪水通过位于东太湖的太浦河及东北部的望虞河分别排入黄浦江与长江 ,由于出入湖河道的特殊位置 ,使得太湖南部的换水周期较短而北部较长。近几十年来 ,太湖由于污染而逐步呈现富营养化特征 ,污染物主要来自北部的无锡市和常州市 ,通过河道排入太湖北部的五里湖与梅梁湾 ,因此上述两地的水质较南部差。在东太湖 ,水产养殖对水环境的影响很大 ,亦呈现出富营养化特征 ,并殃及该地区的供水 ,加之该地区为太湖主要的泄洪通道 ,因此泥沙淤积严重 ,而且水生植物生长旺盛 ,呈现出明显的沼泽化趋势 ;在太湖四周地区 ,由于湖泊围垦和水利工程建设 ,其污染净化能力将降低 ,从而加速水环境恶化的趋势。太湖所面临这些问题 ,有待于强化湖泊科学管理来解决。
Lake Taihu located in the Changjiang River Delta, has been characterized by its shallowness with a water surface area of 2 338km 2 and a mean depth of 1.9m. Its flat topographic catchment made the complexity of hydraulic connection between the rivers and the lake. The major runoff comes from mountainous west and southwest of watershed of Lake Taihu, and flows out throughout East Taihu Bay and the River Wangyu in northeast which flush into Huangpu River and Changjiang River. This causes shorter water retention in the south of lake than that in the north. In the past decades, eutrophication problem gradually became serious with a large amount of pollutants from Wuxi City and Changzhou City discharged into Wuli Bay and Mailiang Bay in the north of Lake Taihu. The water quality, therefore, is much worse in the north than that in the south of the lake. Aquaculture in East Taihu led to water quality deterioration and eutrophication, which caused the problem of water supply in the surrounding areas. In addition, the function of East Taihu for flood discharge resulted in the increase in sedimentation rate and made this area toward marsh. Reclaimation around the lake due to development of agriculture production and construction of water conservancy facilities over the rivers resulted in the reduction of pollutant retention ability. Solutions for these problems need an enhanced management based on the understanding of the changes in the lake eco system.
出处
《第四纪研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第5期561-568,共8页
Quaternary Sciences
基金
中国科学院知识创新战略行动项目 (批准号 :KXCZ1-SW -12 )的资助
关键词
形态特征
水量平衡
富营养化
水产养殖
太湖
morphological feature, water balance, eutrophication, culture fishery, Lake Taihu
