4Reid E.Pulmonary embolism: an overview of treatment and nursing issues.Br J Nurs, 1999,8 (20): 1373-1378.
5Morris BA. Nursing care for the prevention of deep vein thromvosis.Today Nurse,1995,17(5):4-8.
6Fitzmaurice JB, Saaahara AA. Current concepts of pulmonary embolism: implications for nursing pracioce. Heart Lung,1974,3 (2):209-218.
7Andrews L.Med: cal management of pulmonary emboli. Med Surg Nurs, 1994,3(1):31-35.
8Nunnelee JD. Interruption of the inferior vena for venous thromboembolic disease.J Vasc Nurs,1993,1(3):80-82.
9Davis LA, O' Rourke NS. Pulmonary embolism: early recognition and managlment in the postanesthesia care unit. J Post Anesth Nurs,1993,8(5):338-343.
10Alebrahim K, Bolweel J,Helmy A,et al.Postpartum pulmonary embolectomy: a surgical challenge and favourable outcome. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1997,45(1): 38.
二级参考文献27
1[1]Wolle TR, Allen TL. Syncope as an emergency department presentation of pulmonary embolism. J Emerg Med, 1998;16:27～31
2[2]Goldhaber SZ, Visani L, De Rosa M. Acute pulmonary embolism:clinical outcomes in the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry (ICOPER). Lancet, 1999 ; 353 : 1386～ 1389
3[3]Ridker PM, Miletich JP, Stempfer M J, et al. Factor V leiden and risk of recurrent idiopathic venous thromboembolism. Circulation,1995; 92:2800
4[4]Oger E, Leroyer C, Le Moigne E, et al. The value of a risk analysis in clinically suspected deep venous thrombosis. Respiration, 1997; 64:326～330
5[5]Thames MD,Alpert IS, Dalen IE. Syncope in patients with pulmonary embolism. JAMA, 1977; 238:2509～2511
6[6]Stein PD, Goldhaber SZ, Henry JW, et al. Arterial blood gas analysis in the assessment of suspected acute pulmonary embolism. Chest,1996; 109: 78～81
7[7]Ferrari E, Imbert A, Chevalier T, et al. The ECG in pulmonary embolism. Predictive value of negative T waves in precordial leads-80case reports. Chest, 1997; 111:537～543
8[8]Van Beek E JR, Kuyer PMM, Schenk BE, et al. A normal perfusion lung scan in patients with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism:frequency and clinical validity. Chest, 1995; 108:170～173
9[9]McConnell MV, Solomon SD, Rayan ME, et al. Regional reght ventricular dysfunction detected by echocardiography in acute pulmonary embolism. Am J Cardiol, 1996; 78:469～473
10[10]Krivec B,Voga G, Zuran I ,et al. Diagnosis and treatment of shock due to massive pulmonary embolism: approach with transesophageal echocardiography and intrapulmonary thrombolysis. Chest, 1997 ;112: 1310～1316
