1Laurberg P, Pedersen KM, Hreidarsson A, et al . Iodine intake and the pattern of thyroid disorders:a comparative epidemiological study of thyroid abnormalities in the elderly in Iceland and in Jutland, Denmark. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1998,83:765-769.
2Fukata S, Kuma K, Sugawara M. Relationship between cigarette smoking and hypothyroidism in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis .J Endocrinol Invest, 1996,19:607-612.
3Knudsen N, Laurberg P, Perrild H,et al.Risk factors for goiter and thyroid nodules. Thyroid, 2002,12:879-888.
4Kreiger N, Parkes R. Cigarette smoking and the risk of thyroid cancer. Eur J Cancer, 2000,36:1969-1973.
5Rossing MA, Cushing KL, Voigt LF, et al. Risk of papillary thyroid cancer in women in relation to smoking and alcohol consumption .Epidemiology, 2000,11:49-54.
6Wiersinga WM. Subclinical hyothyroidism and hyperthyroidism prevalence and clinical relevance. Neth J Med, 1995,46:197-204.
7Canaris GJ, Manowitz NR, Mayor G, et al. The Colorado thyroid disease prevalence study.Arch Intern Med, 2000,160:526-534.
8Hollowell JG, Staehling NW, Flanders WD, et al. Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES Ⅲ). J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2002,87:489-499.
9Vanderpump MP, Tunbridge WM, French JM, et al. The incidence of thyroid disorders in the community: a twenty-year follow-up of the Whickham Survey.Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 1995,43:55-68.
10Cooper DS, Ridgway EC. Thoughts on prevention of thyroid disease in the United States. Thyroid, 2002,12:925-929.
