摘要
笔者分析了地铁站台火灾时火灾临界危险条件和人员的疏散特点 ,提出了地铁站台火灾中人员安全疏散模型 ,确定了人员安全疏散时间的计算方法 ;应用火灾模拟软件SMARTFIRE4 .0对某地铁站站台着火时温度和烟气浓度的发展进行了数值模拟研究 ,据此得到人员安全疏散可利用的时间 ;结合该站台着火时的具体情况 ,计算了人员安全疏散所需要的时间。研究与计算结果表明 :该地铁站火灾时 ,站台至站厅的楼梯是整个疏散过程的瓶颈 ,而楼梯的疏散能力主要受人员流量和楼梯的有效宽度所制约 ,据此提出了相应的解决方法。
The critical conditions and characteristics of evacuation from subway platform under fire were analyzed. An evacuating model was designed and a primary method for calculating the safe evacuation time was presented. Numerical simulation of the temperature and the smoke concentration inside the station space was carried out by SMARTFIRE 4.0 and the available safe evacuation time for whole staff was determined. Different time durations such as time to recognize the fire, to decide for evacuation and to move towards safe sites were discussed and the necessary safe evacuation time was obtained. The results showed that the width of the staircase from the platform to the station hall would be the bottleneck in the evacuation procedure and the solutions were presented for this case.
出处
《中国安全科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
2004年第7期21-25,共5页
China Safety Science Journal
