2Kanai Y, Katsuki H, Takasaki M, et al . Comparisons of the anesthetic potency and intracellular concentrations of S (-) and R (+) bupivacaine and ropivacaine crayfish giant axon in vitro. Anaesth Analg, 2000, 90: 415-420.
3Gautier P, Kock MD, Steenberge AV, et al. A double-blind comparison of 0. 125 % ropicavaine with sufentanil and 0. 125 % bupivacaine with sufentanil for epidural labor analgesia. Anesthesiology, 1999, 90: 772-778.
4Qian X, Smith H, Zhou L, et al. Evidence-based obstetrics in four hospitials in China: An observational study to explore clinical practice, women's preferences and provider's views. BMC PregancyChildbirth, 2001, 1 (1): 1.
5Neal SM,Hiscock R,Anderson M,et al. A comparison of 0. 0625% ropivacaine or bupivacaine combined with fentanyl 2 μg/ml administered by patient-controlled epidural analgesia in labour. Br J Anaesth, 2001, 87: 658-659.
6Zundert AV, Ostheimer GW. Pain relief and anesthesia in obstetrics . New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1996.4.
7Abouleish E, Depp R. Acupuncture in obstetrics. Anesth Analg,1975, 54: 83-88.
8Melzack R, Wall PD. Pain mechanisms: a new theory. scienle,1965, 150: 971-979.
9mcClellan KJ, Faulds D. Ropivacaine: an update of its use in regional anaesthesia. Drugs, 2000, 60: 1065-1093.
10Benhamou D, Hamza J, Eleddjan J J, et al. Continuous extradural infusion of ropivacaine 2 mg. ml-1 for pain relief during labour. B J Anesth, 1997, 78: 748-751.
二级参考文献10
1[1]Kundsen K,Beckman S,Sunkala M, et al. Central nervous and cardiovascular effects of i. v. infusions of ropivacaine, bupivacaine and placebo in volunteers. Br J Anaesth, 1997,78:507 ~ 509.
2[2]Kanai Y, Katsuki H, Takasaki M, et al. Comparisons of the anesthetic potency and intracelluclar concentrations of S( - ) and R( - ) bupivacaine and ropivacaine crayfish giant axon in vitro. Anesth Analg,2000,90:415 ~420.
3[3]Shennan AH. Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditionl epidural techniques mode of delivery: a randomisod controlled trial, Lancet, 2001,358:19 ~23.
4[4]Consins MJ,Mather LE. Intrathecal and epidural administration of opioids. Anesthesiology, 1984,61:276 ~ 279.
5[5]Mirkin BL, Singh S. Placental transfer of pharmacologically active molecules. In: Perinatal Pharmacology and therapeutics. Orlando: Academic Press. 1978:25 ~28.
6[6]Wolfe M J, Davies GK. Analgesic action of extradural fentanyl. Br J Anaesth, 1980,58:49 ~ 54.
7[7]Hunt CO,Minzter BH. Fetal and neonatal effects. In: Zundert AV, Ostheimer GW. eds. Pain relief and Anesthesia in Obstetrics. New York:Churchill Livingstone. 1996:234 ~ 244.
8[8]Youngstrom P, Eastwood D,Patel H ,et al. Epidural versus intramuscular fentanyl. Analgesia and pharmacokenetics in labor. Anaesthesia,1983,38:937 ~ 942.