摘要
殷墟卜辞的占辞的开端,往往作"王(囗占)曰"。有些卜辞借"(囗卜)"为"(囗占)",可知二字音近。旧多释"(囗占)"为"占"而释"(囗卜)"为"禍",字音远隔,必有问题。"(囗卜)"实为卜兆之"兆"本字。依古音学之宵谈对转说,"兆"与"占"有阴阳对转关系。"占"且应为"兆"之派生词。故卜辞或以"(囗卜)"(兆)为"(囗占)"(占)。西周金文"姚"字与楚文字"逃"字及借为"兆"之"(艹兆)"字、借为"盗"之"(兆見)"字,其声旁皆作"涉"之简体。"兆"与葉部(谈部之入声)的"涉"有阴入对转关系。周穆王八骏中之"盗驪",《荀子》作"纖離"。"盗"与"纖"一属宵部、一属谈部。凡此皆是支持宵谈对转说之文字现象。文末附带讨论"(囗卜)"(兆)与 "憂"之音韵关系。
The standard introductory formular of the prognostications in Shang divinations was 王?曰(the king, reading the crack, said…). In some prognostications, ? was borrowed for ?. Sothe sounds of these two characters must be very similar. The most part of scholars identify ? as占(read the crack on oracle bone), and ? as ? (disaster). But the sounds of 占(zhan) and 祸 (huo) are quite different. There must be problems in the decipherment. In fact, ? is the ortho-graph for 兆 (crack on oracle bone). According to the theory of mutual transforming between thetwo rhyme groups xiao (宵) and tan (谈) in Old Chinese phonology, there is the relationship ofmutual transforming between 兆 (belong to the xiao rhyme group) and 占(belong to tan rhymegroup). And 占 ought to be a derivative of 兆. So ? (兆) could be used to write the word 占.The character 姚 in Western Zhou bronze inscriptions and the characters 逃,(艹兆)(borrowed for兆) and (兆见)(borrowed for 盗) in Chu script of the Warring States period, all have the simplifiedform of '涉' as their phonetic components. And in general Chinese scripts, their phonetic compo-nents are all 兆. 兆 is a member of the xiao group, 涉 is a member of the ye (葉) group whichis the rusheng (入声) of the tan group. The name 盗骊, which is the name of one of King ZhouMuwang's eight fine horses, has 纤离 as a textual variation in Xunzi (《荀子》). 盗 is a memberof the xiao group, 纤 is a member of the tan group. These are all the illustrations of the theoryof the mutual transforming between the two rhyme groups xiao and tan. At the end of the pa-per, the phonologic relationship between ? (兆) and 忧 is discussed.
出处
《中国语文》
CSSCI
北大核心
2002年第1期70-76,共7页
Studies of the Chinese Language
关键词
殷墟卜辞
“王占曰”
上古汉语
宵谈对转
音韵关系
楚文字
Shang divination inscriptions
prognostication
mutual transforming of rhyme groups
rhyme group xiao(宵)
rhyme group tan(谈)
