摘要
我们观察了用军用水壶进行饮水消毒时三种消毒剂与三卤甲烷(THMs)形成的关系.消毒剂分别为次氯酸钙(Ca(OCl)_2)、氯溴异氰尿酸钠(RBrCl)和氯溴异氰尿酸钠加碘化钾(RBrCl+KI).实验结果表明:(1)消毒剂的化学组成不同,导致产生的THMs的组成也不同.次氯酸钙主要产生氯仿、二氯一溴甲烷和一氧二溴甲烷;而RBrCl和RBrCl+KI则主要产生溴仿.(2)THMs的生成量随消毒时间的延长、水温升高、消毒剂的增加和水中有机物总量的增加而增高.(3)当水的pH为8～9时,THMs的生成量较高,若低于或高于此范围,THMs的生成量均减少.(4)消毒河水24h后,形成的THMs量都超过100μg/L(美国标准).消毒井水,24h后所形成的THMs均低于100μg/L.消毒塘水,仅2h后形成的THMs的量即都超过100μg/L.(5)三种消毒荆,消毒时间在24h内,消毒三种水源水所形成的氯仿量都低于60μg/L(中国标准).但超过24h后,仅次氯酸钙导致氯仿量超过60μg/L.
The relationship between the three kinds of disinfectants and formation of Trihalomethanes (THMs)in the water disinfection in canteen was observed.The disinfectants include calcium hypochloride(Ca(OC)_2,sodium chloro-bromo-isocyanunite (RBrCl),sodium chloro-bromo isocyanunite with potassium iodide (RBrCl-KI).The results were as follows,1.The difference of the components of the disinfectants resulted in the difference of the composition of the THMs formed,for example,Ca(OCl)_2 resulted in the formation of CHCl_3,CHBrCl_2 and CHBr_2Cl,but RBrCl and (RBrCl+KI) resulted in the formation of CHBr_3.2. The concentration of the THMs was increased with the prolongation of time,the rise of the temperature of water,the increase of the disinfectants and the contents of the organic matters.3. The concentration of the THMs was higher in the pH8.0～9.0 of water;but if the pH of water was under or over this range then the THMs formed were lower.4. The cocenntration of THMs formed was above 100μg/L (The Standard of U.S.A) when using the three kinds of disinfectants to sterilize the water from river in 24h,and the THMs formed were under 100μg/L for the water from well in 24h.But the THMs formed were over 100μg/L for the water from pond in 2h.5. The concentration of CHCl_3 formed was under 60μg/L (The Standard of P.R.China) when using the three kinds of disinfectants to sterilize the three sources of water in 24h,but resulted in concentration of CHCl_3 over
60μg/L if sterilized over 24h using Ca(OCl)_2.
出处
《解放军预防医学杂志》
CAS
北大核心
1993年第3期177-181,共5页
Journal of Preventive Medicine of Chinese People's Liberation Army
关键词
饮用水
消毒
三卤甲烷
trihalomethane
disinfection
water
