摘要
4个直立叶型杂交种、3种种植方式(67cm等行条播、50cm等行条播、六角形穴播)、3个密度定额(6.0万株/hm2、7.5万株/hm2、9.0万株/hm2)的田间试验结果表明:在3种株行距配置下,玉米产量均随密度的增大而增大;但高密度下不同株行距下密植的增产幅度差异较大,以50cm等行条播增幅最大;玉米不同株行距配置的产量效应在中、低密度时不显现,在较高密度(7.50万～9.0万株/hm2、具体某一品种的高限密度及其以上)条件下才予以显现;50cm等行条播、六角形穴播较之67cm等行条播均表现出高密度下由于玉米个体营养的改善而导致群体产量增加的增产效应;六角形穴播较67cm等行条播、50cm等行条播玉米开花盛期LAI稍大,但较67cm等行条播高密度下增、减产差异不一致;同时玉米生长发育过程中追肥灌水不方便;株行距×密度×品种的最佳组合为选用V2(89-1w×5022)、V4(郑单958)这两类杂交种,实施50cm行距条播,密度9.0万株/hm2;在7.5万株/hm2、9.0万株/hm2下50cm等行距条播较67cm等行距条播分别增产21.4%、31.2%,增产显著,同时也有利于人类的耕作栽培。试验表明选用直立叶型强优势玉米杂交种、采用50cm等行距条播、增大密度至7.5万～9.0万株/hm2、进行水分和土壤营养足额供给下的规范化栽培构成高光效玉米群体冠层光合系统技术体系。
The result of field experiment which 4 leaf straight-up type maize hybrids, 3 planting model (50cm row distance, 6-angle shape, 67cm row distance), 3 density (60000 plants/hm^2, 75000 plants/hm^2, 90000 plants/hm^2) indicated: the yield of maize was increasing with the increasing density of maize, the difference of maize yield increase by distinct plant-row conducted was big and yield increase percent of 50 cm row was biggest under high density,the maize yield difference from different plant-row distance conduced was not apparent under the lower and middle density, it was only apparent under high density (75000～90000 plants/hm^2, maximum limited density and the above this density); 50cm row distance, 6-angle shape planting, this two planting methods posses yield increase effect which results in single plant nutrition improvement comprise with 67cm row distance under high density. The L.A.I. of 6-single shape sowing at the time of maize flourishing flower was bigger than 50cm and 67cm row distance sowing, but showing no yield increase and decrease difference comprise with 67cm row distance sowing; at the same time to water and apply fertilizer was not convenient at the growing of maize; the minimum combination of Row × Density × Variety was that take the V2 (89-1w×5022),V4(Zhengdan 958) these two type hybrids, 50 cm row distance, 90000 plants/hm^2;not only the maize yield by 50cm row distance sowing was higher 21.4% and 31.2% significantly than 67cm row distance sowing under 75000 plants/hm^2,90000 plants/hm^2 respectively, but also be good for the cultivating of maize. Using the leaf straight-up type maize hybrids and 50cm line distance row sowing evenly ,make the maize mass density up to 75000 ~90000plants/hm^2 , standardization cultivating under no stress of soil water and nutrition ,these compose the technology system of set up the photosynthesis system of high photosynthetic efficiency maize mass canopy. It be provided with important effect of increase maize yield and economical effects in modern maize yield potential developing successively.
出处
《西北农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
2004年第4期98-103,共6页
Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica
基金
陕西省农发办重点推广项目资助。
