摘要
目的了解头孢菌素类抗生素 (头孢类 )过敏性休克的发生和预后 ,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法对国内1990年 1月至 2 0 0 3年 6月 193篇有关头孢类过敏性休克病例报道的 2 2 5例进行分析整理。结果 2 2 5例休克涉及12种药物 ,居前 6位的是头孢噻肟、头孢唑啉、头孢氨苄、头孢哌酮、头孢曲松、头孢拉定 ,占 94 .2 %。过敏史阳性者 2 4 .0 % ,无过敏史者 30 .2 % ,过敏史不清者 4 5 .8%。 85 .8%的休克发生于用药 2 0min内 ,死亡率 8.0 %。结论头孢类过敏性休克应引起医护人员高度重视 ,用药前仔细询问过敏史 。
Objective To investigate the regularity of the allergic shock induced by cephalosporins. Methods Two hundred and twenty-five cases of allergic shock induced by cephalosporins were analyzed through Chinese literature retrieval from 1990-2003. Results The 225 cases of allergic shock involved 12 cephalosporins, and 94.2% of them were caused by 6 cephalosporins, namely, cefotaxime, cefazolin, cephalexin, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone and cefradine. 24.0% of the patients had the allergic history, 30.2% had no allergic history and 45.8% had unclear allergic history. Allergic shock occurred in 20 min after cephalosporins in 85.8% of the cases. The mortality rate was about 8.0%. Conclusion Attention should be paid to the cephalosporin-induced allergic shock. It is indispensable to inquire about the allergic history and take the dermal sensitivity test before administration for the patients with allergic history.
出处
《护理学杂志（综合版）》
2004年第23期37-39,共3页
Journal of Nursing Science
关键词
头孢菌素
抗生素
过敏性休克
用药监护
cephalosporins
antibiotic
allergic shock
monitoring of medicine
