摘要
汉江有多少水可调,是南水北调中线工程规划中的一个关键问题。本文从汉江水资源条件及利用现状分析了汉江的可调水量。汉江流域多年平均降雨深897.2毫米,水资源总量为606亿立方米,属我国降水较丰沛地区。全流域虽已在发电、供水、航运、养殖等方面对水资源进行综合开发,但利用程度还较低,工程可供水量仅占水资源总量的26.7％,耗水量仅占6％,在近几十年内满足本流域需要后仍有富余,全流域年均出境水量不低于500亿立方米。汉江丹江口水库控制水量约占全流域径流量的70％,扣除各种损耗,净入库水量约393亿立方米。按照各项兴利任务顺序,决定水库调度运用原则,以1956年5月～1986年4月系列,按旬进行调度,其结果为多年平均可调啦量约为147亿立方米。采用对比法分析丹江口水库调水后对汉江中下游工农业和城乡生活用水、干流航运、河势演变及环境影响等方面的影响,其结果表明调水后变化不大。对于一些局部影响,采取一定补偿措施后可予以解决。
How much is the transferable water quantity from Hanjiang river?This is a key problem of feasibil-ity justification of middle route south—to—north water transferring project.From the water resources potential of Hanjiang river and its utilization level,analysis was made on the transferable water quantity.Within Hanjiang basin,multi—annual average rainfall and total water resources amount to 897.2 mm and 60.6 billion m^3 respec-tively.Hanjiang basin is rather abundant in precipitation in comparison with other areas in China.Although,all over the basin,comprehensive development of water resources has been carried out for power generation, water supply,navigation and breeding,the present level of utilization is rather low,and utilization water quantity amounts to only 26.7% of the total water resources,while loss of water approximates 6% of the total.Thus,in recent several decades,there is sufficient quantity of water in excess of meeting the demands of this basin itself.In average there is 50.0 billion m^3 of water runoff from this basin every year.The water quantity controlled by Danjiangkou reservoir amounts to about 70% of total runoff of this basin,beside various water losses,there is about 39.3 billion m^3 of water flowing into Danjiangkou reservoir.Detail calculations have been carried out on the transferable water quantity.Based on the hydrological series of flow discharge from May,1956 to April,1986,regulation calculation has been conducted on operation by decade of Danjiangkou reservoir,according to the sequence of utilization engineering projects.Calculation result shows that multi—year average transferable water quantity amounts to about 14.7 billion m^3.Impacts of transferring water from Danjiangkou reservoir on production of agriculture and industry,urban and rural water supply,navigation on Hanjiang main stream,evo-lution of river regime,and environment were analysed.Overall analysis indicates that there are almost no signifi-cant impacts,if any,however,some measures could make it much mitigated.
出处
《人民长江》
北大核心
1993年第10期9-13,共5页
Yangtze River
关键词
汉江
水资源
调水量
水库调度
Hanjiang river
water resources
transferable quantity of water
reservoir integrated regulation
