摘要
阿拉善地区的三大生态屏障曾是我国西北地区的重要生态防线。由于黑河断流、长期干旱和对森林草原的过度利用导致这三个生态功能区及沙漠边缘固沙植被带退化,主要表现为:(1)湖泊干涸,湿地消失,绿洲萎缩;(2)植被退化,生物多样性减少;(3)沙漠化加剧,沙尘暴频繁发生。日益恶化的生态环境给阿拉善地区经济社会带来极大危害,并且也波及到西北、华北地区。从人口、资源、环境相互作用关系考虑,阿拉善具有其他地区无可比拟的优势:一是地广人稀,具有广阔的资源空间和很大的回旋余地;二是严酷的自然环境造就了适应这种特殊环境的具有极强抗逆性的物种。从遏制生态环境退化趋势和不对周边地区产生生态危害的目标出发,通过建立生态"无人区",促使植被自然修复,就可以达到其保护的目的。此外,区内水资源也能够满足生态环境综合治理的需要。具有阿拉善特色的生态综合治理模式的实践证明,随着西部大开发战略的深入实施,在保证合理投入的前提下,通过方方面面的共同努力,阿拉善地区的生态环境是完全可以恢复的。实现生态恢复的思路可以概括为:"转移、保护、建设",即:通过生态绿洲和城镇的高标准建设,吸引农牧民退出生态脆弱的荒漠化土地,实现阿拉善生态环境的全面保护。其中,农牧民的转移是核心。
The three big ecological barriers situated in Alxa region were ever the important ecology defence-line of the Northwest China, but their sheltering function has degenerated due to vegetation degradation resulted from the zero-runoff of the Heihe river, lasting aridity of climate and the over-utilization to forest steppe. Consequently, lakes dried up, wetlands disappeared and oases drew back; vegetation degraded and the biodiversity reduced; desertification aggravated and sandstorms frequently broke out. The increasingly worsening eco-environment brought about severe damages to the ecology and society of Alxa region, and even influenced the Northwest and the North China. Viewed from the interaction among population-resources-environment, the Alex region is provided with unexampled advantages, such as the vast territory but sparse population (which means the expansive resources space and flexible leeway) and the plant species with very high resistance to rigorous natural environment. On the one hand, if take holding back the trend of eco-environment degenerating and doesn't exert damages to the neighboring regions as the aim, the target for eco-environment protection could be achieved via establishing the ecological depopulated area(enclosure area) and let the enclosed vegetation rehabilitate. On the other hand, the local water resources can meet the need for the integrated eco-environment control. The practice of applying characteristic model in eco-environment control of Alxa region demonstrated that the rehabilitation of the eco-environment is absolutely possible only in premise of rational investment and making great efforts under the good chance of the western China being developed. The thought-train for realizing ecology recovering can be summarized as \!emigration, protection and construction\', namely, through the construction of ecology oases and high standard towns to attract peasant and herdsmen to emigrate from fragile desertified land, and to actualize the complete protection of the eco-environment in Alxa region. Amongst the though-train, the population emigration is core, the fragile eco-environmental protection is goal and the construction of oases and towns is emphasis.
出处
《中国沙漠》
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第1期98-105,共8页
Journal of Desert Research
