摘要
在乾隆年间清政府逐步形成了外交文书的“天朝体制”。此项体制长期受到来华西人的挑战。鸦片战争后 ,英国等列强以武力和不平等条约为手段“解决”了这一问题 ,“照会”等近代外交公文范式初步形成。西方外交和文书体制对中国外交文书体制的硬性干预和强制替代 ,从一个侧面反映了西方价值体系在中国的强力移植过程。
The “Celestial System ” for diplomatic documents of the Qing government gradually took shape during the Qianlong reign period, and was challenged by Westerners visiting China. After the Opium Wars, Britain and the other powers “resolved” the problem by means of military might and the unequal treaties they forced upon China,and the formats of the “diplomatic note” and other diplomatic documents were then established in China. Western interference in and replacement of the Chinese format for diplomatic documents to some extent reflected the process by which Western values were transplanted into China.
出处
《历史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2000年第3期92-102,共11页
Historical Research
