摘要
Based on panel data from industrial enterprises with independent accounting systems, this empirical study shows the changing performance of Chinese state owned industrial sectors, and explains sectoral performance differences between the state owned and the non state owned enterprises during 1993 and 1997. It is found out that the impact of the large scale entrance of non state owned enterprises and the resulted competition can not explain the profitability gap between the state owned and the non state owned enterprises, although they do have something to do with the downside of the former. It is pointed out that the state owned industrial enterprises are seriously limited by institutional factors when they try to deploy labor and capital according to market conditions. That is an important reason leading to the low profitability of the state owned industrial enterprises compared with the non state owned ones.
本文选取独立核算工业企业为对象，对中国国有工业部门1993—1997年的绩效变动及其与非国有工业部门在行业分组层次上绩效差异的产生原因进行了实证研究。结果发现，虽然国有工业部门绩效的下降与非国有工业企业的进入以及竞争因素有关，但足来自于非国有工业部门的竞争并不能解释国有与非国有工业部门之间的绩效差异。这表明将国有工业部门在20世纪90年代的绩效下降趋势简单归结为竞争能力低下是有失偏颇的。进而指出，国有工业部门在按市场信号对劳动和资本要素进行配置的过程中所面临的非市场性约束或者制度性限制是造成国有工业部门绩效相对较低的重要原因。
