摘要
环境问题是当前人类生存与发展过程中所面临的重大问题。生物修复技术是解决环境污染,恢复被人类活动破坏的生态系统,实现人类社会可持续发展的重要手段之一。近年来,我国生物修复技术研究与应用蓬勃发展,取得了显著成绩。其内容主要包括微生物修复技术、重金属污染的植物修复技术、矿山废弃地生态恢复技术、固体废弃物资源化技术、垃圾填埋场生态修复技术及湖沼生态恢复技术等。在高效特异微生物与重金属超富集植物筛选及其机理研究上取得了一系列的突破,已筛选出近50种针对农药、石油、多环芳烃等有机污染物的高效特异菌种和As、Cd、Mn、Zn等12种重金属的超富集植物。今后应注意吸收其他学科的理论知识,拓宽研究领域,注重生物修复的机理研究及相关分子生物学技术的开发与应用;开展全国范围的环境污染调查与风险评估工作;建立污染环境修复的法规与标准;从而促进生物修复技术的持续发展,为国民经济发展及环境与健康保护服务。
Environmental problems have become a serious concern to human beings. Bioremediation technology is one of the efficient ways to remediate polluted environments and restore the degraded ecological systems, which in turn helps realize the sustainable development of human society. Great progresses have been achieved in China's current research and application on bioremediation, with focus on microbial bioremediation of organic pollutants, phytoremediation of heavy metal contamination, ecological restoration of mining wastelands and garbage filling grounds, reuse of solid wastes and restoration of eutrophic lakes and swamps. A series of breakthrough have been made in screening for both special microbes and hyperaccumulating plant species as candidates for remediation of organic and heavy metal contaminants. Up to 50 of microbes which could efficiently degrade pesticides, petroleum and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 12 of hyperaccumulating plants for As, Cd, Mn and Zn have been identified; the mechanisms on the role of bioremediation have been intensively explored. More attention in the future studies for sustainable development of bioremediation should be paid on expanding fields of theoretical studies, developing the related molecular genetic engineering technology, monitoring and conducting risk assessment of environment pollutants as well as building the framework on legislation and standards for ecological restoration.
出处
《地理科学进展》
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第6期20-32,共13页
Progress in Geography
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40271099)
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所知识创新工程领域前沿项目(CXIOG-C04-02)资助.
关键词
高效特异微生物
重金属超富集植物
环境污染
生态恢复
中国
pollutant-efficiently-degrading microbes
heavy metal hyperaccumulators
environmental pollution
ecological restoration
China
