摘要
瓮棺葬，是指用陶容器作为葬具、埋葬在地下的一种埋葬形式。瓮棺葬的起源甚早，在世界各地有着广泛的分布和流行。在我国，瓮棺葬早在七八千年前的新石器时代前期就已出现，广泛发现于黄河中下游和长江中下游地区，并且一直延续到历史时期。
Urn-burial was the burial custom in which pottery vessels were used as coffins.It appeared in 8,000 years ago in China and remained popular in some areas in the Warring States and Qin-Han periods.Since the late 1920's,over 900 urn-burials of these periods have been discovered at about 70 localities.The pottery coffins used in these urn-burials can be divided into two categories.One is utensils taken from daily life,mainly including fu cauldrons,wong urns,basins(bo bowls),li tripods,and guan jars;the other is bucket- shaped vessels specially made for urn-burials,which occur only in Shandong,Hebei and Liaoning provinces,and bear strong features of their age.In structure there are double- vessel and multi-vessel urn-burials.The former comprises eight types,of which the commonly seen are the wong-basin,wong-wong,wong-fu,fu-fu and fu-basin combinations.The latter embraces eleven types;the popular are the three fu,two fu-and one wong and two fu-and one-basin combinations.The pits are mainly earth shafts,which are widely distributed.Cave pits were built in some cases,though only in the Guanzhong area during the Warring States and the Qin-Han periods.The urns were often placed horizontally with the ends pointing to the north and south,and vertically placed are also seen as rarer examples.The occupants of urn-burials were children.It is unproved whether adults were among them.The vessel-coffins were generally buried in three kinds of places- in dwellings or near living areas,in cemeteries together with other tombs;and in separated graveyards mainly for urn-burials.About 7% of the total have grave goods,including pottery(vessels,small artifacts,and objects exclusively for funeral use),personal ornaments and articles and coins.The present study shows that the urn burial of the Warring States and the Qin-Han periods was the continuity and development of the same custom in prehistoric times,and was practiced for the burial of children.In the type of urn- burials,the structure of pits and the use of funeral,these tombs have distinctive regional differences.Therefore,the author divides them into two areas,one is the middle Yellow River valley,and the other is around the Bohai Sea.Finally the author believes that urn- burial in China had some relationship with that in the Korean Peninsular and that of the Yayoi period in Kyushu,Japan.
出处
《考古学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2001年第3期305-334,共30页
Acta Archaeologica Sinica
