摘要
万佛堂石窟位于辽宁省义县城西北8公里的大凌河北岸(图一)，座北朝南，沿福山南麓东西排列，全长约85米，自然形成三个小区。东区共有洞窟7个，窟外小龛3个；西区上、下两层共有洞窟9个，窟外小龛10个。中区无窟龛，仅有近代兴建的三间僧房。全部窟龛均始凿并完工于北魏晚期，唐、辽、明、清等朝代均有修补或改动。窟龛内外现存北魏造窟题记两方，清代重修碑五通，大小造像五百余尊。
On the basis of on-the-spot surveys,the present paper makes researches into the classification,grouping,periodization and dating of the Northern Wei period grottoes at Wanfotang,Yixian County,by using archaeological typology,i.e.by analyzing the grottoes in their form as well as in the content and feature of the images.Meanwhile,the author preliminarily studies the relationship of the Wanfotang grottoes with those in the Central Plains and the origin of Buddhist art in the Longcheng area.The results show that the Northern Wei period Wanfotang grottoes can be divided into two stages.The early stage was from the 19th year of Taihe reign to about the 3rd year of Jingming reign(AD 495—502). The late stage was from the 3rd year of Jingming reign to the time shortly after the 4th year of Zhengguang reign(AD502—523). The Wanfotang grottoes were extremely closely linked with the Pingcheng Yungang grottoes functionating before the capital was moved to Luoyang,and contained some elements from the Luoyang Longmen grottoes.Their construction reflected that the flourishing of Buddhism was a time-honored event in the Yingzhou area.The foundation must have come from Buddism in the Longcheng area in the Three Yans period. The Longcheng area was not only a Buddhist center in the North China,but also a transfer station for the eastward spread of Buddism to Koguryo.During the Northern Wei period,the route of the eastward spread of Pingcheng Buddist culture and art ran as follows: Pingcheng(Datong)—Shanggu(Xiahuayuan)—Miyun(north of Beijing)—Pinggang (Pingquan)—Longcheng(Chaoyang)—Yixian(Wanfotang),and extended eastward further.
出处
《考古学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2001年第2期159-188,共30页
Acta Archaeologica Sinica
