摘要
为了探索全球性气候变化的年际变率，研制了一个复盖热带太平洋区域的耦合海气模式，并用来模拟ＥＮＳＯ变率的主要特征。数值试验结果与实况比较表明，对１９８２／１９８３年厄尔尼诺事件的主要特征模拟良好。基本结论是要考虑好关键要素和关键过程，即：平均风场和平均海温场；风和海温场的年循环；海洋表面层；三维海温平流；大气（水平方向）水汽辐合效应。
A limited area coupled atmosphere-ocean dynamical model is developed and used to simulate tropical Pacific warm events associated with ENSO. The model is formulated with anomalous perturbation equations about a basic state derived from monthly mean climatologies of surface winds, SSTs and ocean currents. The atmosphere model is linear and in steady-state, with heating parameterized in terms of SST which represents the ocean releasing latent heat to atmosphere, and also considers the heating processes of low-level moisture convergence as feedback effects in the tropinal atmosphere, for the treatment of nonlinearity in feedback heating especially improves the model simulation ability. The ocean model consists of dynamical equations and temperature equation. The dynamics of the model describe as a single layer reduced gravity shallow water mode, plus a frictional surface layer, make the thermodynamics more complete. The evolution equation for the anomalous SST gives three-dimensional temperature advection, and the vertical advection, in particular plays a crucial role, leading to exact estimate of the surface layer heat budget and as realistic SST anomaly fields as possible. A set of numerical experiments are tested for reproduction of the prominent feature of ocean-atmosphere coupled system oscillation during 1982/1983 EI Nino event. A series of sensitivity studies are also made. Comparing with observation, the model results are encouraging.
出处
《热带气象学报》
CSCD
1994年第2期97-106,共10页
Journal of Tropical Meteorology
