摘要
三江平原环型湿地是低温 (碟型洼地 )和高温 (岛状林 )两种环境组合的典型区 ,为了研究三江平原环型湿地土壤温度梯度特征 ,对环型湿地 4种群落的土壤温度进行了观测。结果表明 ,由环型湿地的中心到边缘 ,土壤温度逐渐升高 ,土壤温度垂直变异由大逐渐减小。各群落深层土壤温度日变化不明显 ,而季节变化较明显 ,不同群落间深层土壤温度水平变异和垂直变异差异以 6月最大 ,8月和 10月份差异较小。这是由于环型湿地的中心到边缘 ,土壤层的厚度逐渐变薄 ,土壤水分含量逐渐降低 ,泥炭层的厚度逐渐变薄以至消失 ,冻结层融解时间逐渐推迟造成的。环型湿地中心的致冷效应有利于有机质的积累和保持环型湿地生态系统的稳定性。研究环型湿地的土壤温度梯度有助于从水热角度来进一步揭示沼泽湿地的生态环境效应 ,为湿地的保护及合理利用提供科学依据。
The Sanjiang Plain is the largest wetland with fresh water in China. Annular wetlands is typical region that is a combination of low temperature (dishing depression) and high temperature(island forest) in the Sanjiang Plain. The heat condition is the main characteristics of wetland soils, which has important influence on the ecological process and function of wetland ecosystems. The soil temperature of four communities was observed for research the character of soil temperature gradients in annular wetlands. The results showed that soil temperature gradually raised and the vertical change gradually lowered from the center to the edge of annular wetlands. The daily variation of deep soil temperature of each community wasn't evident, but seasonal variation was very evident. The difference of horizontal change and vertical change of deep soil temperature was most in June and little in August and October in different communities. The main reason was from the center to the edge of annular wetlands, the thickness of soil layer was gradually decreased, the content of soil water was gradually reduced, the thickness of peat layer was gradually attenuated and disappeared, the time of freezing layer thaw was gradually postponed. The soil temperature gradient in annular wetlands was the result of the interaction of soil water and air, the thickness of peat layer, the process of soil freezing and thawing, the vegetation coverage and the microtopography. The low temperature in the annular wetlands center benefits the accumulation of soil organic matter and stability of wetland system. The Studying of the soil temperature gradient in annular wetlands helps to open out environment ecology effects of wetlands deeply from water and heat, and contributes to wetlands protection and wise utilization.
出处
《湿地科学》
CSCD
2005年第1期42-47,共6页
Wetland Science
基金
中国科学院知识创新工程项目资助 (编号 :KZCX3 -SW -NA -0 1)。
