摘要
土壤杂草种子库是农田杂草发生危害的主要根源,种子库的动态变化规律对于杂草的综合管理具有非常重要的意义。目前研究表明,杂草种子库的密度和组成变化很大,与田间杂草群落具有密切的联系。杂草种子库时刻处于输入和输出的动态变化之中。耕作方式影响杂草种子在土壤中的垂直分布,从而间接影响种子库的密度和种类组成;作物轮作使杂草的生存环境趋于多样化,能够限制某些对单一种植系统有着良好适应性的杂草种类的生长,作物轮作对杂草种子库种类组成和丰富度的影响要大于耕作方式;杂草管理措施能够大大降低田间杂草的结实,从而减小杂草种子库的规模。随着人们对除草剂使用和环境安全问题的日益关注,发展基于生态规律的杂草管理措施越来越受到人们重视,结合近几年国内外的研究进展,作者提出了杂草种子库今后的一些新的研究发展方向。
Soil weed seedbank is the primary source of future weed infestations and knowledge of seedbank dynamics is beneficial to integrated weed management (IWM). Current advances show that the density and species composition of the soil weed seedbank vary greatly and are closely linked to the above ground weed communities. The weed seedbank is always in equilibrium between seed input and output. Tillage systems affect vertical distribution of weed seeds in the soil and have indirect influence on the seedbank density and species composition. Crop rotation provides diverse environments for weed seeds and prevents proliferation of the weed species well adapted to a single cropping system. The effect of crop rotation on weed species composition and abundance is higher than that of tillage systems. Weed control measures can greatly reduce weed seed production and decrease the size of seedbank in the soil. Recent public attitude towards the use of herbicides and environmental safety has placed increased emphasis on development of ecology- based weed management system (EBWM). Taking into account current progresses in the study on weed seedbank both inland and abroad, the author put forth some new perspectives for future research.
出处
《土壤》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第2期121-128,共8页
Soils
基金
国家自然科学基金(30170164)
高校博士点基金(2000030708)资助项目。
关键词
杂草种子库
耕作制度
作物轮作
杂草综合管理
Weed seed bank, Tillage system, Crop rotation, Integrated weed management
