摘要
由于经济规模的迅速扩大和城市化进程的加快,大气气溶胶污染日趋严重,霾与雾的区分成为一个非常现实,又迫切需要解决的问题。而过去东南沿海各省不成文规定的用相对湿度区分的标准普遍偏低。区分霾和雾,应该根据影响天气系统的变化,结合各种判据来确定。考虑到近几年对气溶胶研究的新成果,大气中0 1 μm以下的水溶性粒子主要是硫酸铵等组成的,大于1 μm的粒子主要是氯化钠等组成的。这些物质的相变湿度大都在80 %左右。建议将相对湿度小于80 %时的大气混浊视野模糊导致的能见度恶化的天气现象确定为霾,相对湿度大于90 %时的大气混浊视野模糊导致的能见度恶化确定为雾,相对湿度介于80 %～90 %之间时的大气混浊视野模糊导致的能见度恶化是霾和雾的混合物共同造成的,但其主要成分应该是霾。建议尽快制定灰霾指数和预警办法,开展灰霾天气预测预报预警方法的研究和业务平台建设,拓展气象服务领域,使环境气象产品更好地为社会公众服务,为政府实行动态调控的环保措施的决策服务。
Along with the rapid development of economy and urbanization, atmospheric aerosol pollution is becoming worse. It is becoming a practical matter to distinguish haze and fog, and also an urgent issue need to be solved. In the past the operational standard by using relative humidity to discern fog and haze is commonly on the low side over the southeast coastal provinces. To distinguish fog and haze should be based on the change of influencing weather system combining other influencing factors. According to the new researches on aerosol in the recent years, the main water soluble particles less than 0.1μm diameter in the atmosphere are mainly composed by vitriol ammonium, while large than 1μm diameter are sodium chloride. The relative humidity for those matters is approximately 80%, so it is suggested that the weather phenomena, the visibility deterioration caused by atmospheric turbidness resulting in blur of visual field, is determined as haze when relative humidity is less than 80%, while as fog when relative humidity is large than 90%, and as the mixture of haze and fog the main constitutes are still haze when the relative humidity is between 80% and 90%. It is also suggested that to set down as soon as possible the ash haze index and its warning method, to develop the study on method of predicting and warning ash haze weather and to construct the operational platform, to open up the field of meteorological services, putting the products of environmental meteorology into public service.
出处
《气象》
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第4期3-7,共5页
Meteorological Monthly
基金
国家自然科学基金 4 0 375 0 0 2
4 0 4 180 0 8
广东省自然科学基金 0 330 2 9
广东省重点科技攻关项目2 0 0 4A30 4 0 10 0 2
广州市应用基础研究项目 2 0 0 4J1 0 0 2 1
