摘要
话语交际是语言学研究的重要内容。许多学者都从不同角度对此进行了具体分析,如格赖斯立足于合作原则传达了合作交际的思想,周礼全立足于交际图式提出了成功交际的理论,此外,修辞学界结合不同的语境状况对得体交际也进行了充分的研究。着眼于不同的研究视角,对话语交际进行具体深入的分析,进而甄别“得体的交际”、“成功的交际”和“合作的交际”等相关概念,对话语交际研究的进一步深化具有重要的意义。
Verbal communication has become an important content of linguistic research with the increasing focus put on the actual application of natural language by the academia. This paper is to examine verbal communication and distinguish three relative concepts.First, Appropriate Communication, which concerns saying the right words to the right person at the right time in the right space (occasion). Context is an important norm in judging the verbal appropriateness. According to the triple division theory of context, we believe that appropriate utterance should not only comply with the context inside and beyond the words, but also comply with the covert context. The appropriateness of verbal communication displays a tendency of evolving from static to dynamic and from simple to complex. The covert context can eliminate the effect of the other two kinds of context and act as the most critical factor in judging the appropriateness of the utterance.Second, Successful Communication, which is a communication process in which the speaker expresses himself accurately and sufficiently while the hearer interprets the speaker's intention absolutely and exactly. The successful expression means: when expressing himself, the speaker makes it highly inferable between the series of intentions, I_1(E_1)、I_2(E_2)…I_(n-1)(E_(n-1)),etc, so as to ensure E_n(M)= E′_n(M″), E_(n-1)=E′_(n-1),E_(n-2)=E′_(n-2),…, E_1= E′_1. The successful interpretation means: when interpreting, the hearer makes it possible that E′_(n-1)= E_(n-1),E′_(n-2)=E_(n-2),…, E′_1=E_1,so as to realize E′_n(M″)=E_n(M′), and eventually realize E′_n(M″)=E_n(M). As the basis and premise of successful interpretation, successful expression is more important in the process of communication.Third, Cooperative Communication, which means that the participants in a conversation make active efforts according to the intentions and requirements of the conversation in the whole process. According to the ″cooperativeness″ of verbal communication, and basing on the five maxims (attitude, quantity, quality, relevance and manner), etc. of the cooperative principle, we divide verbal communication into three types, (″absolutely) cooperative verbal communication″, ″generally cooperative verbal communication″, and (″uncooperative) verbal communication″. In short, Appropriate Communication examines the appropriateness of verbal communication mainly on the basis of context; Successful Communication examines the accuracy of verbal communication mainly on the basis of the transferring of verbal information or the process of encoding and decoding; Cooperative Communication examines the cooperativeness of verbal communication mainly on the basis of cooperative principle and the obeying and violating of its maxims. Each of the three kinds has different emphasis on the content and displays overlapping and intercrossing complex relations. And these three kinds build up an ideal status of verbal communication, and become the guarantees and premises for the people to express their feelings and intentions and communicate effectively.
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2005年第3期113-120,共8页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题"合作原则及其应用研究"(NM04YY01)
关键词
话语交际
得体
成功
合作
verbal communication
appropriate
successful
cooperative
