摘要
与人类和高等脊椎动物相比,鱼类免疫因子的研究起步较晚,但进展较快.近年来已发现了多种新的免疫因子并克隆了其基因,对它们的结构与功能也进行了较深入的研究,这为人们深入了解鱼类免疫系统的发生,探讨免疫因子的分子起源与进化等提供了科学依据.本文对当前鱼类中报道的几种新型免疫因子的研究进展作一综述.
Cytokines are low molecular weight proteins that serve as chemical messengers within the innate and adaptive immune systems. To date, great progresses have been made in fish cytokine researches. A number of cytokine genes have been cloned and sequenced in fish. This review will focus on a number of novel immune-related cytokines including interleukin, interferon, interferon regulatory factors, Myxovirus resistance proteins, transforming growth factor, tumor necrosis factor, chemokines (CC and CXC chemokines),NK cell enhancement factor,MHC Ⅰ, MHC Ⅱ and some of their receptors, which have been identified in many fish species recently. Their genes and molecular structures are clarified. These cytokines are evolutionary well conserved. They share high identities at both the nucleotide and amino acid levels with the high vertebrate cytokines, and maintain characteristic structural motifs of those higher vertebrates. The function of some cytokine genes are analyzed in conventional manner by production of recombinant molecules. Several fish cytokines have been identified based on functional similarity to, or cross-reactivity with, mammalian cytokines. Moreover, molecular techniques, such as suppression subtractive hybridization, PCR and cDNA library screening, have recently enabled the identification of fish cytokine genes. Because of fish phylogenetic position and the fact that their immune systems have not been elaborated to the extent seen in mammals, progresses in this field will deepen our understanding of the molecular origins of cytokine genes and extend our knowledge on their mechanisms conferring disease resistance and the recombinant cytokines to control fish diseases.
出处
《水产学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第2期263-269,共7页
Journal of Fisheries of China
基金
国家自然科学基金(30271015
30371096)浙江省自然科学基金(301307)高等学校博士学科点专项基金(20030335040)
关键词
鱼类
免疫因子
基因结构
免疫功能
研究进展
fish
immune-related cytokines
gene structure
immune function
research advance
