摘要
生长季晴天,树冠不同方位套袋果温度变化规律各有不同。就日最高温度而言,以西南方位套袋果最高,东北方位套袋果最低,二者相差8.13℃。除了东北方位以外,同方位套袋果日最高温一般低于裸露果2 .95～6 .6 7℃。一天中,不同方位套袋果日最高温出现的时间与裸露果有明显不同,主要原因是日照和气温能更直接地影响裸露果。在正常套袋前提下,袋内、外湿度差异不大,袋内湿度主要受袋外环境湿度的影响。生长季晴天,外袋温度和外袋与内袋之间的温度非常接近,二者日最高温度超出最高果温8.6℃。而袋内气温和果温非常接近,二者日最高温仅差0 .4℃,说明袋内果温直接受袋内气温的制约。一天中,袋内最低温度和最高湿度一般出现在6 :0 0左右,而最低湿度和最高温度出现在16 :0 0左右,袋内温度和湿度的变化呈极显著负相关,其回归方程为y=30 98.4 x- 1.35 34。日照强度或气温与套袋果日最高温度均呈极显著正相关。其回归方程分别为:y=0 .0 4 6 8x+8.91和y=1.4 11x- 2 .4 4 35。
As an essential measure to improve fruit appearance quality, bagging culture for Fuji apples has been widely extended in China. However, many problems pertaining to enclosed fruits, such as sunburn, black dot disease, fine fruit surface cracking, inferior color development, etc., have emerged coincidently, which is assumed to be associated closely with the changes of microenvironment where fruits grow. The purpose of this experiment was to examine the fruit microenvironment as influenced by bagging. Methodologically, advanced thermocouples and HOBO Pro temperature/RH data loggers were employed to monitor fruit temperature and environmental humidity inside and outside the bags. Furthermore, the effect of fruit exposures on the peripheral canopy and meteorological factors (ambient temperature, solar radiation, etc.) was also evaluated on the temperatures and microenvironments of bagged fruits. The results indicated that, the surface temperatures of fruits enclosed in paper bags in clear days during growing season varied with different exposures on a tree canopy, with the highest value of daily maximum fruit temperatures appearing on southwest and minimum on northeast exposures by a difference of 8.13℃. However, the daily maximum fruit temperatures of bagged fruits on the same exposures except northeast were 2.95～6.67℃ lower than those of exposed ones. Generally, the daily maximum temperatures of exposed fruits on different exposures occurred at scattered times in a day, rather than in a relatively concentrated time period in the afternoon with bagged fruits. With proper use of qualified bags and bagging techniques, only a minor difference was found in relative humidity between inside and outside bags, suggesting that the inside humidity was mainly dominated by the outside one. In sunny and clear days, the daily maximum temperature of exterior bag and the temperature between exterior and interior bags were approximately the same, about 8.6℃ higher than the daily maximum fruit temperature. Meanwhile, the air temperature inside the bags and fruit temperature were also very close, showing that the air temperature in the bags dominated fruit temperature. Frequently, the daily minimum temperature always accompanied with daily maximum humidity, which took place around 6:00, whereas the daily minimum humidity and daily maximum temperature appeared around 16:00, both showing a very significant negative correlation with the regression equation: y=3098.4x-1.3534. In addition, a very significant positive correlation was found between either solar radiation or air temperature, and daily maximum fruit temperature with the regression equations being y=0.0468x+8.91 and y=1.411x-2.4435, respectively. These results favor a better understanding of bagged fruits and their microenvironment as affected by natural meteorological factors and thus provide a sound basis for further studies.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第5期1082-1087,共6页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
河北省自然科学基金资助项目 (3 0 3 2 0 3 )
河北农业大学回国留学人员科研启动基金资助项目 (2 0 0 2 -0 915 )~~
关键词
套袋
苹果
果实
微域环境
相关性
bagging
apple
fruit
microenvironment
correlation
