摘要
采用康奈尔健康量表（CMI）对1273名飞行学员的精神健康状况进行了为期两年的前瞻性调查。结果显示，CMI总分及各部分得分均数逐年下降；低分组段人数逐年增多；得分高于精神障碍筛查标准（CMI总分≥30分，M～R分≥10分）者分别为2．3％（1991年）、1．2％（1992年）和0．9％（1993年）。1993年与1991年比较，X2=9．929，P＜0．01。分析显示，高阳性回答李（＞20％）项目减少（1991年6项，1992、1993年均为1项）；低阳性回答率（＜1％）项目增多（1991年63项，1992年94项，1993年101项）。M～R部分因子分析显示，1991、1992年按因子贡献率排在第一、第二位的因子均为不适应（因子贡献率分别为396％、9．3％）和抑郁（分别为93％、9．4％），1993年则为情绪不稳定（41．8％）和不适应（11．3％）。提示，经过飞行院校的学习和锻炼，飞行学员的躯体和精神健康状况均有明显改善，精神症状特征有所变化。
A two-year prospective survey (1991～ 1993) of mental health in 1 273 new flying cadetswas carried out using Cornell Medical Index (CMI). The results showed that both total scores andscores of each part of CMI were decreased year by year. The prevalence of scores higher than the screening standard for mental disorder (total scores ≥30, M-R scores≥10) was 1. 2% in 1992 and 0. 9% in1993 which was significantly lower as compared with 2- 3% in 1991 (X2 = 9. 929,P＜0. 01 )． Analysis ofthe answers of CMI questions showed that the number of questions with high positive answer rate(＞20%) was decreased in the follow-up surveies (6 in 1991 ， 1 in 1992 and 1993),while the mumberwith low positive answer rate (＜1% ) was increased (63 in 1991, 94 in 1992, 1O1 in 1993). Factor analysis of M-R part showed that the main factors contributing to high M-R scores in 1991 and 1992 were inadaptability and depression,and turned to be emotional unstableness and inadaptability in 1993. The results suggest that the health status of flying cadets, both physically and mentally,was improved following 2 years of trainning in flying institute and the characteristic of mental symptoms was changed.
关键词
健康状况
精神卫生
康奈尔健康量表
飞行学员
Health status Mental health Pyschometrics Cornell Medical Index Prospective survey
