摘要
以高分子光化学原理为基础,系统地阐述了高分子材料气候老化的机理,包括老化特征、光老化历程———光激发的物理化学过程与光诱导的氧老化过程;结合我们实际的研究工作论述了影响高分子材料大气老化的主要因素。大气环境因素包括太阳紫外辐射与能量、氧与臭氧、温度、雨水的相对湿度和微生物;主要因素还涉及到高分子自身的杂质与添加剂和制备工艺的影响。报导了20多年来我院承担国家自然科学基金重大项目,开展了塑料、橡胶、涂料、胶粘剂四大合成材料在我国8大气候区域进行气候老化的研究结果与老化规律研究,我们认为高分了材料老化不是高分子材料一个孤立而单一的行为,它与高分子自身的特性、配方(防老化)、改性、工艺成型等实属于一个整体行为,彼此间是相关联的结果。并简要探讨了合成材料大气老化寿命与人工光加速试验间的相关性问题。
This article describted in a systematic way the weathering mechanism of synthetic materials based on polymer photochemistry. It includes characteristics of aging, photodegradation process—photoexcited physical-chemical process and photoinduced oxy-aging process; Explained natural main factors caued aging of synthetic materials combined our ressearch work. Natural environment factors include solar UV irradiation and spectrum, oxygen and ozone, temperature, rain and humidity, microbe; Impurity,additives and polymer processing in their own. This article covered our Institute undertook major project supported by National Natural Science Fund more than 20 years which carried out Plastics, Rubbers, Paints and Adherents exposed at eight climatic areas in China, got great research results and the regularity of weathering. We affirm also that the aging of synthetic materials is not an isolation behaviour or an one-track mind,it connects actually with polymer's character, additives compounded, modification, processing situation as a whole. They are an organic relatilves.
出处
《合成材料老化与应用》
2005年第2期24-27,38,共5页
Synthetic Materials Aging and Application
