摘要
目的描述2002年中国人群对感染性疾病的知识、态度和行为的流行水平以及在不同教育水平、职业和地区人群中的分布。方法使用32个问题,利用2002年普查人口进行加权计算不同类别人群对肝炎、性病/艾滋病的传播途径和预防措施的知识知晓率、性病的自报患病率、患性病后的就医情况以及艾滋病预防知识的来源分布。结果绝大多数调查对象都认为肝炎、性病/艾滋病是中国的严重卫生问题,但对传播途径并未真正了解,加上恐惧,导致分别有27.6%和30.1%的人认为握手能够感染性病/艾滋病;9.9%的人报告过去1年中使用安全套;有0.22%的人报告过去5年中患过性病,男、女性分别为0.34%和0.09%,城市和农村人群分别为0.42%和0.16%;75%的性病患者报告去过专科医院求治,38.2%的人去过私人诊所,还有26.7%曾自购药品治疗;47.0%的人得到过预防艾滋病的健康教育材料,或从医务人员、各类媒体中得到预防艾滋病的信息,12.1%的人报告过去1年医务人员告诉他们使用安全套预防性病/艾滋病。结论中国人群对肝炎、性病/艾滋病的认识普遍匮乏,尤其是农村以及西部地区人群。随着普通人群患艾滋病的危险性增加,在今后数十年内,艾滋病会给中国带来极大的疾病负担。
Objective To describe knowledge, attitudes and behaviors on infectious diseases in different Chinese populations by their education levels, occupation and residential districts. Methods Data regarding awareness of the transmission routes and prevention strategies on hepatitis, sexually transmitted diseases(STD), acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and prevalence rates on a) self-reported STD b) seeking treatment for STD c) source of knowledge on AIDS prevention, were calculated based on results from 17 questions of BRFS questionnaire by weight on age structures from 2000 census. Results Most people realized that hepatitis, STD and AIDS were important issues in public health. However, their awareness on the transmission routes of these diseases was not satisfied. Moreover, due to the fear of these diseases, 27.6% and 30.1% of the people studied thought that shaking hands with STD patients and HIV carriers could get infected. 9.9% of the people reported that they ever used a condom during the past year. 2.2/1000 of the people reported that they had ever suffered from STD during the past 5 years, with 3.4/1000 in males, 0.9/1000 in females, 4.2/1000 in urban population and 1.6/1000 in rural population. Among these STD patients, 75.0% of them reported that they had ever received treatment in a STD clinic including 38.2% of them reporting that they had ever received treatment in private clinics without license, and 6.7% of them reported that they had ever treated by drugs bought by themselves. 47.0% of people reported that they had received health education materials or information on AIDS prevention from medical workers or through media. 12.1% of the people had been informed that condom use could prevent from STD and AIDS transmission. Conclusion The awareness on hepatitis, STD and AIDS was quite insufficient in the Chinese general population, especially in rural and western part of China. With the development of AIDS epidemic from people with high risk behavior to the general population, China will undertake tremendous disease burdens from AIDS in the future.
出处
《中华流行病学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第6期389-393,共5页
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology
基金
科技部专项课题基金资助项目(2001DEB30077)
