摘要
在位于中国西北内陆干旱区的新疆,发育着大量的山地-绿洲-荒漠系统,山地系统是干旱区水资源的形成区,也是重要的矿质营养库和生物种质资源库,绿洲系统是生产力相对较高的区域和人类赖以生存和发展的中心,而荒漠系统则是干旱区面积广阔和环境相对恶劣的区域。地貌类型与气候特征决定耦合类型的基础和框架,水文特征决定耦合类型的空间格局,植被类型反应耦合类型的外貌。通过对新疆山地、绿洲、荒漠三个子系统结构与功能进行了分析,并结合新疆近40年气候变化的特点和规律,来探讨中亚干旱区山地-绿洲-荒漠系统的特征。
There are many coupling systems of mountain-oasis-desert in Xinjiang. As the important factors to the coupling relationship of three systems,the characteristics of three systems affecting the coupling characteristics, coupling relations,physiognomy patterns,vegetation and climate are very important to the coupling of the three systems. The types of physiognomy and the characteristics of climate determine the base and the frame of coupling types,and the hydrologic characteristics determine the spatial pattern of coupling types,and the vegetation types determine the color of coupling types. It is important for the sustainable development in such arid region to contrast and discuss the difference between the three systems and the characteristics of climate change. By analyzing the characteristics of the three systems in MODS,and combining the characteristics of the climate, we obtain the conclusions as follows:( 1)The structure of mountain systems is complicated, and the complicated environment creates the abundant biodiversity,and the hydrothermal change laws and the vertical natural zones are very obvious. The oasis systems are the artificial compound ones,and the complicated and high effects and the huge productivity are the basic characteristics.The desert systems also show some characteristics,such as the simple structure,poor stability and low productivity.(2)There are great differences among the three systems in MODS,but the three systems are not isolated,MODS is a compound system,and the three systems are connected by material current,energy current and information current.(3)The vegetation types in the south Xinjiang are the same with that in north Xinjiang,but the altitudes of the same vertical zone in south Xinjiang and north Xinjiang are different. The oasis vegetation is different from the different conditions of exploitation and utilization of water resources.There is a great difference in vegetation types and biomasses between north Xinjiang and south Xinjiang.(4)Both south Xinjiang and north Xinjiang are located in the arid regions in northwest China,but the climate is different due to the different latitudes and physiognomies.The average temperature in south Xinjiang is higher than that in north Xinjiang,but the precipitation in north Xinjiang is three to four times higher than that in south Xinjiang.These hydrothermal differences affect undoubtedly the physiognomies,vegetation types and the hydrological characteristics,thus the difference of MODS coupling characteristics between north Xinjiang and south Xinjiang forms.
出处
《干旱区地理》
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第2期199-204,共6页
Arid Land Geography
基金
中科院知识创新领域前沿项目(KZCX-XJ02-02)
重要方向性项目(KZCX3-SW-327-04)
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G1999043509)资助
