1Coste J,Lefrancois G,Guillemen F,et al. Prognosis and quality of life of patients with acute low back pain:insights from a comprehensive inception cohort study[J]. Arthritis Rheum, 2004,51: 168 - 176.
2Birklein F, Kunzel F, Siewecke N. Despite clinical similarities, there are significant differences between acute limb trauma and complex regional pain syndrome[J]. Pain,2001,93:165 - 171.
3Woolf CJ. Pain : moving from symptom control toward mechanism-specific pharmacologic management[J]. Ann Intern Med, 2004,140: 441-451.
4Balm H,Kohno T,Moore KA,et al. Direct activation of rat spinal dorsal horn neurons by prostaglandin E2[J]. J Neurosci,2001,21:1750-1756.
5Schofferman J ,Reynolds J, Herzog R ,et al. Failed back surgery: etiology and diagnostic evaluation[J]. Spine J ,2003,3:400 - 403.
6Prager J ,Jaeobs M. Evaluation of patients for implantable pain modalities:Medical and behavioral assessment[J]. Clin J Pain,2001,17:206-214.
7Rushton DN. Electrical stimulation in the treatment of pain[J]. Disabil Rehabil,2002,24:407-415.
8Buyten JPV,Zundert JV, Vueghs P,et al. Efficacy of spinal cord stimulation:10 years experience in a pain centre in Belgium[J]. Eur J Pain ,2001,5:299-307.
9Cameron T. Safety and efficacy of spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain: a 20 year literature review[J]. J Neurosurgery:Spine,2004,100:254-267.
10Barolat G. Spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain management[J].Arch Med Res,2000,31:258-262.
6Heliovaara M,Makela M,Knekt P,et al.Deter minants of sciatica and lowback pain[J],spine,1991,16(6):608.
7Croft PR,Papageorgion AC,Thomas E,et al.Short-term physical risk factors for new episode low back pain,prospective evidence from the south mancherster back pain study[J].Spine,1999,24(15):1556-1561.
8南登崑.康复医学.3版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2004:226-227.
9Bradl I,Morl F,Scholle HC,et al.Back muscle activation pattern and spectrum in defined load situations.J Pathophysiol,2005,12:275-280.
10Richardson CA,Snijders CJ.The relation between the transversus abdominis muscles,sacroiliac joint mechanics and low back pain.J Spine,2002,27:399.
