摘要
选择长白山区处于不同发育阶段的泥炭沼泽,对其植被进行样地调查,并计算植物群落的α、β多样性指数,探讨泥炭沼泽发育过程中植物群落多样性的变化规律。研究发现,处于不同发育阶段的个体泥炭沼泽中,植物群落的α多样性沿湖岸到湖心梯度上都呈现减少趋势,反映出在个体泥炭沼泽发育过程中,植被向着多样性更加丰富的方向发展;β多样性在此梯度上变化规律性不明显,说明泥炭沼泽发育过程中植物群落生态环境发生变化,物种也随环境变化出现增减,但变化幅度不一;群落过渡地带,草本层α多样性大于群落内部,说明群落过渡地带植物多样性比群落内部更加丰富。在整个泥炭沼泽演替序列上,随着演替水平的升高,植物群落草本层物种丰富度指数呈现明显的增加趋势,而Simpson指数和ShannonWiener指数呈现出微弱的减少趋势,这是由于处于较高演替阶段的沼泽,植物群落的草本层虽然物种较为丰富,但优势度指数较高,均匀度指数较低,从而使得植物群落α多样性指数偏低。从植物群落的结构来看,随着演替水平的升高,呈现出草本层-(草本层+地被层)-(灌木层+草本层+地被层),由简单到复杂的发展趋势。因此综合来看,泥炭沼泽是向着植物群落结构复杂化,多样性丰富化的方向进行演替的。
In this paper, 4 mires in different developing stage was studied to discuss the variation rule of phytodiversity in the process of the development of mires. Species, the height, the quantity and the coverage rate of the plant in the sampling sites were investigated. The α and β diversity of the grass layer of plant community were examined. The conclusions were as follows: ① α diversities of plant communities all decrease from the shore to the center of mires in different developing stages. So the phytodiversity would be richer when mire develops to a higher stage; ② Varieties of the βdiversities are irregular in this gradient. It was indicated that the community environment and the species were varying in the evolvement process of mires. On the whole successional sequence of the peat mires, the species richness index increased obviously from pioneer community to advancer community, but other α diversity indexes decreased. Plant community structure underwent the evolution of from simpler to more complex stages, that meant form one grass layer,thenext to grass layer and mosses lichens layer, then to bush layer, grass layer and lichens mosses layer.
出处
《湿地科学》
CSCD
2005年第2期121-126,共6页
Wetland Science
基金
教育部重点项目(305029000)。
