摘要
扼要地述评了国内外淘汰甲基溴的进程及其替代熏蒸剂和方法的研究概况。作者强调,形势对储粮害虫综合治理的要求越来越高。被全球广泛应用的唯一熏蒸剂磷化氢,因甲基溴即将被淘汰而面临更大的压力。它迫切需要不断改善应用方法,以便延缓害虫抗药性的增长和传播,满足人类对环保和健康安全的要求。作者也认为,单一熏蒸剂多种用途的时代将逐步转变为专用或只限于在某一领域使用的熏蒸剂的时代。目前,在粮食储藏、粮食检疫处理和粮食加工领域,急需开发更多的熏蒸剂和其它防治害虫的新方法,特别是物理的方法。作者根据国内外已经取得的成果,提出应对硫酰氟、甲酸乙酯、环氧丙烷和氧硫化碳等的应用可能性进行探讨,并认为其中硫酰氟在我国粮食部门是最有希望的溴甲烷替代熏蒸剂。对于古老熏蒸剂如氰氢酸和二硫化碳等,也应进行重新评价,以便在特定的情况下发挥其替代作用。
This paper reviewed the international progress in phasing out methyl bromide and the current status of research development of its alternatives. The author stressed that the presnt situation calls for raising the level of IPM in stored grain management and the only widely accepted fumigant phosphine around the world is now facing new pressure in improving its applied technology to delay the increase and spread of insect resistance to it and to meet the demand of environmental protection and the health safety along with the banning of methyl bromide. The author also expected that the era of multiple use of single fumigant would be replaced by those fumigants for special of a certain field use gradually.The present situation urgently calls to develop more fumigants and other approaches especially physical methods for disinfestation in the field of grain storage,grain quarantine treatments and grain processing plants.On the basis of existing international achievements in the development of methyl bromide alternatives,the author suggested that the practicability of sulfuryl fluoride,ethyl formate,propylene oxide,and carbonyl sulfide in China be approached and considered that sufuryl fluoride is most promising.Some old fumigants as hydrogen cyanide and carbon disulfide also needs to be revaluated.
出处
《粮食储藏》
2005年第3期36-42,共7页
Grain Storage
