摘要
目的了解乡村严重自杀未遂者的特征并通过比较乡村与非乡村严重自杀未遂者的特征来深入了解2组人群是否相对独立,为制定自杀预防及干预措施提供依据。方法用自制调查表对1所市级、3所县级综合医院诊治的326例严重自杀未遂者进行包括精神科检查在内的2-3小时的调查。结果278例乡村严重自杀未遂者平均年龄(32±13)岁,平均接受正规学校教育(5±3)年,女性占74%,现婚74%,14%有自杀未遂既往史,88%服用农药或鼠药自杀未遂,39%有精神障碍(主要是重性抑郁障碍),13%自杀前曾因心理问题寻求帮助,家庭纠纷和情绪低落是前两位重要的自杀原因。与48例非乡村自杀未遂者相比,乡村组受教育年限短,家庭经济状况差,男性、自杀前一直在工作或学习者、服农药自杀者所占比例高,经历的负性生活事件少,慢性心理压力小(P均小于0.05)。2组在年龄、婚姻状况、自杀意图强度、急性应激强度、自杀前1个月的生命质量、家庭关系、精神疾病患病率等方面的差异无统计学显著性。结论乡村与非乡村严重自杀未遂者的不同特征提示:即使是同样的自杀预防措施,在农村与城镇实施的模式和侧重点应不同。
Objective To compare the characteristics of serious suicide attempters living in villages with those not living in villages to determine whether or not these are two independent subgroups that require different preventive services. Methods We administered a 2 - 3 hour interview that included a structured psychiatric examination to 326 individuals with serious suicide attempts who were treated at one urban and three rural general hospitals. Results The characteristics of the 278 subjects living in villages were as follows: mean (sd) age was 32 (13); mean years of formal education were 5 (3); 74% were female; 74% were married; 14% had a prior history of suicide attempt; 88% used agricultural or rat poisons in the attempt; 39% had a mental illness at the time of the attempt (primarily major depressive disorder); only 13% had ever sought help for a psychological problem; and family conflicts and low mood were considered the most important causes of the attempt. Compared to the 48 suicide attempters who were not from villages, the attempters from villages had less education, lower family income, were more likely to be male, were more likely to have been working or at school up until the time of the attempt, were more likely to have used agricultural chemicals or rat poisons in the attempt, and had experienced less negative life events and less chronic stress ( P < 0.05). But many characteristics were similar in the two groups: age, marital status, level of suicidal intent, severity of acute stress, quality of life in the month before the attempt, family functioning, and the prevalence of mental illness. Conclusions Similar suicide prevention strategies can be used among persons living in villages and those living in other locations, but the relative importance of different strategies and the specific method of implementing the strategies will need to be different in the two cohorts.
出处
《中国神经精神疾病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第4期272-277,共6页
Chinese Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases
基金
瑞典国际开发署和美国预防自杀协会资助。
关键词
自杀未遂
特征
乡村
居住地
Suicide attempts Characteristics Villages Location of residence
