摘要
生态生产力是持续农业的必要内涵，它是在保持生态系统健康的情况下所表现的生产水平。生态生产力的本质是生态系统自由能合理的积累能力，产品是自由能积累的异化。在自然状态下，生态系统当自由能积累过多时，系统通过“自调节”降低其功能，使生态系统趋于顶极状态。此时自由能积累趋近于“０”。生态系统处于最佳稳定状态，但少产品输出。农业生态系统是在人的干预下，将自然生态系统“农业化”的结果。农业生态生产力是将生产资料，劳动力，生产环境合理组合、运转，在保持生态系统稳定的前提下，生态系统所表现的产品输出能力。它通过：给自由能以出路；保持生态系统的非成熟阶段；保持系统内若干组分的非成熟状态；加强系统内部各组分（子系统）之间的耦合等手段，提高系统的生态生产力。动物生产层（子系统）在生态生产力提高中有重要作用。
Eco─preductivity is a substantial part of sustainable agricuIture. It is the preduction level that should be no harm to the agri-ecosystems’healthy.Output of the ecosystems is the isotype of the accumulation free energy in the ecosvstems.In case of the natural ecosystems,while the free energy accumulated too much,the systems could reduce its svnthetic function and trends to approach its climax stage,till the free energy accumulation trends to“zero”.So the ecosystems get its most stable situation but the output of the ecosystems trend to“zero”as well. The agri─ecosystems are the natural ecosystems been agriculturized by the agricultural management.To organize the productive materials,labours,environmental factors and running them reasonably,so the agri─eco─prodiictivity of the ecosystems can be obtained and the ecosystems should be sustainable. There are four vJa vs usually used to elaborate the potential free energyfrom the agri─ecosystems:To optimize the outlets(the chains connected other systems)for the freeenergy;Keeping the agri-ecosystems in the pre-climax situation;Keeping the components/subsystems ofthe agri-ecosystems in pre-matured stage;Combining the ecosystems into coupling systems.
出处
《草业学报》
CSCD
1995年第2期1-5,共5页
Acta Prataculturae Sinica
基金
国家科学基金
关键词
生态生产力
持续农业
自由能
农业
eco-preductivity,sustainable agricuIture,free energy,systems coupling,production level
