摘要
本文回顾了我国水土保持工作的历史并将其划分为４个阶段。对占国土面积３８．２％的３６７万ｋｍ￣２水土流失状况、成因类型和地域分布作了分析。对建国以来累计治理水土流失面积６０万ｋｍ￣２，建设基本农田１．５亿亩，营造水土保持林５亿多亩，以水土保持措施使每年增产粮食１５０亿ｋｇ、增产果品２５０亿ｋｇ，每年减少土壤侵蚀１１亿ｔ、增加保水能力１８０亿ｍ￣３，以及水土保持在立法、科研、教育等方面取得的成就作了总结。对目前存在的主要问题及部分地区水土流失面积扩大危害加剧趋势，论文从依法治理、实施全国水土保持规划纲要、抓好７大江河和１７片重点治理工程、加强教育和科研等方面提出了具体对策。
Tjhis paper comprehensively discusses the present situations，problems and countermea- sures of soil and water conservation in Chna.Soil and water conservation，as ahnd of sci-ence，has experienced four stages which are exploration period（1920-1940） ，model demonstra-tion and development period（1950-1970），period of close combination of small river basin control and economic benefits（1980s），and period of legislation for amelioration and develop-ment.Nowadays，China has a soil erosion area of 3．67million km^2，occupying 38．2％of the territory．The condition is getting worse. In order to control soil erosion and develop regional economy，since 1949, China has controlled more than 500 000km^2 eroded land，constructed 0．15 billion mu farmlands and more than 0．5billion mu soil and water conservation forests， planted and reserved more than 50 million mu grasses，planted more than 50 million mu eco-nomic fruit trees. The accumulative increased amount of product value is 63 billion RMB Yuan。The annual increased amourit of foods is l5 billion kg，the annual increased amount of fruits is 25 billion kg．The water retaining capacity was increased by 18 billion m^3．The annu-al amount of eroded soils was decreased by 1．1 billion t．Moreover，a great progress was made in legislation，scientific research and latent training. The writer thinks that soil and water conservation is a long－term task．We should improve the works in soil and water conservation in the future.
出处
《地理研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
1995年第4期1-7,共7页
Geographical Research
关键词
水土保持
土壤侵蚀
治理措施
Soil and water conservation，Evolution stage
