摘要
本文用计算机鸣声分析技术对杭州地区的黑斑蛙、泽蛙和饰纹姬蛙的鸣声进行了分析。黑斑蛙鸣声一般由４个较长的脉冲组成，每个脉冲持续时间３０－５０ｍｓ，脉冲率（ＰＲ）８－１１个／ｓ。每声持续时间３７０－５１０ｍｓ，各脉冲的能量主要集中在３个能峰上，主能峰位于２．０－２．４ｋＨｚ之间。泽蛙鸣声由６－７个前后紧接的纺锤形的脉冲串组成，ＰＲ为７１．７次／ｓ，每声持续时间８４．２５±７．１２ｍｓ，主峰频率为１．３９５±０．０２３ｋＨｚ。但嵊泗岛上的泽蛙在鸣声的结构、频谱与时域特征上有些差异。在泽蛙的变音鸣声中，纯音占大部分，纯音的频率约为１．２８ｋＨｚ。饰纹姬蛙的鸣声由１１－１３个间隔较开的减幅振荡脉冲组成，每个脉冲持续时间１６．０６±２．０８ｍｓ，ＰＲ为３６．２３次／ｓ，每声持续时间３０８．６４±２２．９３ｍｓ，主峰频率为１．３６±０．０２ｋＨｚ。但与安徽宣城地区饰纹姬蛙的分析结果差异较大。３种蛙鸣声的波形结构和频谱特性各不相同，可能与它们的声囊构造有关。不同的地区蛙鸣声物理结构上的差异，可能是环境差异所致。
The analysis of calling songs of three frog species from Hangzhou area had been made with computer analysis technique in this paper.The song of Rana nigromaculata was composed of four pulses,the pulse rate(PR) was 8-11 times/sec,the duration of each song was about 370-510 ms,each pulse had three power peaks,and the frequency of highest power peak was between 2.0 and 2.4 kHz.In Rana limnocharis,the PR of the song,composed of 6-7 spindle shape pulses,was 71.7 times/sec,each song had 84.25±7.12 ms duration and its MPF was 1.395±0.023 kHz in each pluse.There were some differences on the structrue,power spectrum and temporal parameters of song between Hangzhou's and Shensi Island's.According to the analysis of this experiment, the variant songs of Rana limnocharis had large proportion of pure tones(about 1.28 kHz).The song of Microhyla ornata was composed of 11-13 pulses,and the duration was 16.06 ±2.08 ms in each pulse.The PR was 36.23 times/sec,the song's duration was 308.64±22.93 ms,the MPF was 1.36±0.02 kHz.As compared with the song characteristics of this frog in Xuancheng area of Anhuei Province,the song of Microhyla ornata in Hangzhou was much different from in Xuancheng area.The difference in physical structure of songs in three species of frogs might be corelated to the structure of their vocal sac,and the reason that the same species in different areas had different song probably was difference of their habitats.
关键词
黑斑蛙
泽蛙
饰纹姬蛙
鸣声
频谱分析
Rana nigromaculata
Rana limnocharis
Microhyla ornata
Calling song.Analysis of frequency spectrum
