摘要
本文综述了我国农业甲烷排放的研究进展。我国稻田甲烷排放通量为7.8～60mg/m^2.h。稻田产甲烷菌的种类主要是甲烷杆菌属(Methanobacterium)和甲烷八叠球菌属((Methanosarcina)。施用有机肥和长期淹水是稻田甲烷排放的主要原因。施用硫酸铵,间歇灌溉和半旱栽培可以降低稻田甲烷排放。水稻不同生育期甲烷排放量不同,分蘖期和扬花期甲烷排放量最多。1990年我国稻田甲烷排放量低方案为5.7～23.1Tg。预测2020年我国稻田甲烷排放量低方案为4.67～22.56Tg,中方案为5.51～24.48Tg,高方案为6.90～27.75Tg。1990年我国家养动物及其废弃物甲烷排放量分别为6.61Tg和2.06Tg。1990年我国农作物桔杆燃烧甲烷排放量为881kt或1636kt。
A review of study on methane emission from agricultiral sources in China is presented here. Methane emission flux from paddy field in China was 7.8～60mg/m^2·h. The predominant methanogenic bacteria isolated from paddy field soil belonged to Methanobacterium and Methanosarcina. The principal reasons for high CH_4 emission were heavy application of organic fertilizer and long-term flooding. Application of ammonium sulphate, intermittent irrigation and semidry cultivation could reduce the methane emission from paddy field. The amount of CH_4 emission from paddy field was significantly different during each growing period of rice, and it reaches the maximum at the tillering and flowering stages of rice. In 1990, the CH_4 emissions from paddy field were 5.7～23.1 Tg. In 2020, amounts of CH_4 emission from paddy field based on the low,middle and high forecast schemes will be 4.67～22.56Tg,5.51～24.48Tg and 6.90～27.57Tg, respectively. Total methane emission from domesticated animal and its waste in 1990 were 6.61Tg and 2.06Tg,respectively. CH_4 emission from the burn residues of main crops in 1990 was 881 kt or 1636 kt.
关键词
甲烷
排放
农业
稻田
methane
emission
agriculture
paddy field
