摘要
为了解我国炭疽的流行规律，从而采取有效的预防措施，选择１０个炭疽高发省（区）组成炭疽监测网，并分别在各省（区）设立监测点，人流行病学、病原学、血清学、免疫学、外环境净化效果五方面开展监测，取得了有意义的结果。我国炭疽的传染源以草食动物为主，呈现南牛北羊的特点；剥食病死动物为主要传播方式，发病相对集中于本地区低洼地势，春旱夏涝为主要诱发因素。６～９月为流行高峰期、占全年发病数的８２．４％，在２０－４９岁间的人群居多，占发病总数的６０％以上。皮肢型占９１．８４％，肠型占５．９７％，肺型占２．１８％，暴发点呈灶状性分布，且具有移动性；我国炭疽疫源面积广，污染相当严重（采集样本阳性检出率为６．１％），且持续存在，构成局部暴发的潜在危险因素；暴发点的人群，动物中存在轻型、不典型或隐姓感染的情况；肯定了预防接种的重要性，而且是有效易行的措施。
An anthrax surveillance network has been set up in 10 high-incidence provinces to find out epidemic and epizootic patterns and to adopt proper prevention meadures. Stations were installed in those provinces to carry out the works on epidemiology, aetiology , serology , immunology , and enviro- mental monitoring. The surveillance showed the main infectious sources of anthrax were sheep in thenorth part of China and cattle in the south,and the main infection way was skinning and eating the ill or dead livestock. The incidence relatively concentrated in some low lying areas , especially after the dry spring and flooded summer,82.4% of the epidemic peak from June to September.More than 60% of the cases occurred in the age group of 20-49,cutaneous anthrax was 91.84%,intestinal 5.97%,pul- monary 2. 18%.Most of the epidemics were focus outbreaks moving about place to place. ln China.there are infectious foci covered vast area with heavy contamination.The positive rate of the environmental samples was 6.1%,and the contamination would last a very long period.The contamination formed subclinical infections were found in human population and herds after the out- breaks , suggested the vaccination would be an important and effect measure. The anthrax control on China needs more input and long period efforts.
出处
《疾病监测》
CAS
1995年第3期69-72,共4页
Disease Surveillance
关键词
炭疽
监测网
农业型炭疽
控制
Anthrax Surveillance Network
Control Agricultural Anthrax
