摘要
目的探讨开江县流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)疫情变化动态及流行趋势,为防制提供科学依据。方法搜集开江县1960～2003年乙脑疫情资料,2002～2003年开展乙脑常规监测,血清学检测采用反向被动血凝抑制试验(RPHI)。结果1960～2003年乙脑年均发病率为8.16/10万,病死率为5.68%,流行高峰在8月份,浅丘、平坝发病率为8.82/10万,显著高于深丘、山区的6.86/10万(χ2=20.43,P<0.005),10岁以下儿童病例数占发病总数的94.51%。健康儿童乙脑抗体阳性率为51.97%,2～4岁年龄组抗体阳性率为31.03%,显著低于5～14岁年龄组的64.89%(χ2=16.86,P<0.005)。猪乙脑抗体阳性率高峰在7月份,6～7月各旬之间抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=84.68,P<0.005)。临床病例血清学确诊率为61.54%。结论各年度发病率相差显著,原因可能与当年气温、雨量、蚊媒数量及免疫水平有关,加强10岁以下儿童乙脑疫苗预防接种和免疫覆盖率是防制乙脑的有效措施。
Objective To study the prevalent status and epidemic tendency of Japanese encephalitis（JE） in Kaijiang county and to provide scientific base for JE prevention and control. Methods JE Epidemic data from 1960 to 2003 were callected, serology surveillance of JE patient, healthy children and pigs were done from 2002 to 2003 by the reverse passive hemagglutination inhibition test （RPHI）. Results Annual average incidence rate was 8.16 per 100 000 in 1960-2003, fatality rate was 5.68%. August is the peak time of onset. The incidence rate of flat area （8.82 per 100 000） was higher than that of hilly area （6.86 per 100 000） （χ^2 = 20.43, P〈 0. 005）. The patients less than 10 years old accounted for 94.51% of total patients. The positive rate of serum antibody in healthy children was 51.97%, of which that of 2-4 years old children（31.03%） was significantly lower than that of 5-14 years old children （64.89%） （χ^2 = 16.86, P〈 0.005）. The peak of antibody positive rate of pigs was in July, and antibody positive rates were significantly different （χ^2 = 84.68, P 〈 0. 005） every ten days in June and July. The clinical serodiagnosed rate of JE cases was 61.54 %. Conclusion Incidence rate significantly differs in every year. It may be corelated with air temperature in the locality, rainfall, mosquito intermediary and immunity level. Strengthening JE vaccine immunization in 10 years old children and raising JE immunization coverage rate for them are the keys for controlling prevalence of JE.
出处
《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第4期305-307,共3页
Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control
