摘要
以3个光温敏核不育水稻和14个常规水稻品种及用NCⅡ设计杂交获得的42个F1为材料，于分蘖盛期、穗分化期和齐穗期测定了上位展开叶的10项形态因子，分析了不同生育阶段的叶片形态因子及各因子间的相关性并进行回归验证，认为叶长、叶宽、叶角、叶卷度和叶厚度（比叶重）是水稻叶片形态的5项基本因子。通过亲本与其F1叶片形态因子的比较，分析了亲本的基本叶态因子在F1代的遗传倾向，发现叶长在不同生育阶段表现不同，中、后期偏高亲值或超高亲值；叶宽和叶卷度表现为偏高亲值；叶角表现为偏中亲值或偏低亲值；比叶重则表现为偏低亲值或超低亲值。根据超级杂交稻的叶片形态要求，选用双亲时高值亲本的剑叶适宜长度为35～40cm，宽度为2cm左右，叶面最卷处曲率为1～1．5cm^-1。生育前期双亲的平均叶角应较大，中、后期低值亲本的叶片与茎秆夹角宜较小。比叶重生育前期低值亲本宜为2．5～3mg·cm^2，而后期应高于4～5mg·cm^-2。
Recent years, super hybrid rice breeding is prosperously carried out in China and other countries, and morphology improvement is regarded as an important approach to increase yield potential. To prove up leaf key morphological factors and their heredity in F1 generation, and support hybrid rice breeding with the strategy for parents＇ selection, ten morphological factors, namely, leaf length and width, ratio of length to width, leaf area, angle and blade curvature, distant between leaf two tops （ DTF）, distant between leaf top and stem （ DTS）, ratio of DTF to length, and specific leaf weight （SLW） of up functional leaf were measured at rice tillering, differentiating and heading stages by using 3 environment-sensitive genic male sterility lines （EGMS）, 14 cultivars, and 42 F1s made by the NCⅡ design. By analyzing the ten characteristics of the 17 parents （Table 1 ）, correlations and validated through regression analysis of those factors at the three growing stages, leaf length and width, leaf angle and blade curvature, and SLW were concluded as five key factors for rice leaf morphology since they showing important effect or independent on other leaf traits （ Table 2）. By comparing the five key factors between F1 s and their parents, it was found that, leaf width and curvature of F1 s showed a tendency to their larger value parent, and leaf length showed the same tendency or even overdominant to the larger value parent during middle and late growing stages. While, leaf angle showed a tendency to the middle value or smaller value parent, and SLW to the smaller value parent or even lower than it （ Table 3 ）. Desirable leaf morphological characters of hybrid on such quantitative or muhi-gene controlling traits might be obtained by selecting suitable parents in hybrid rice breeding. According to the requirement in super hybrid rice （ indica type） breeding, the optimum leaf morphological parameters for its parents should be proposed as ： a length of 35 - 40 cm with width of 2 cm, and a curvature of 1 - 1.5 cm^-1 at heading stage for flag leaf of the larger value parent; a large averaged leaf angle for two parents during early growing stage, and an erect up functional leaf with sharp angle as 5° - 10° for the smaller value parent during middle and late growing stages; a thin leaf of SLW = 2.5 - 3 mg·cm^-2 during early growing stage, and a thick leaf by its SLW high than 4 - 5 mg·cm^-2 during late growing stage for the smaller value parent. The present study proved up five leaf key morphological factors and their heredity in F1 generation, and put forward a strategy for parent selection in hybrid rice breeding.
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第8期1074-1079,共6页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
国家863计划项目(2003AA212040)
重大专项(2002AA207001)
江苏省科技攻关项目(BE2001306)资助。
关键词
水稻
株型
形态因子
遗传
Rice
Plant type
Morphological factor
Heredity
