摘要
本文主要报道以棉属［（Ｃｏｓｓｙｐｉｕｍ）（ＡＤ）］染色体组四倍体栽培种陆地棉（Ｇ．ｈｉｒｓｕｔｕｍ）为母本，Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ、Ｇ染色体组的二倍体野生棉代表种长须棉（Ｇ．ｂａｒｂａｓａａｎｕｍ）、澳洲棉（Ｇ．ａｕｓｔｒａｌｅ）、雷蒙地棉（Ｇ．ｒａｉｍｏｎｄｉｉ）、索马里棉（Ｇ．ｓｏｍａｌｅｎｓｅｅ）和比克氏棉（Ｇ．ｂｉｃｋｉｉ）做父本，配成５个杂交组合，并以陆地棉自交作对照，比较研究棉属不同染色体组种间杂交的胚胎发育过程。二倍体不同染色体组野生棉的花粉在陆地棉柱头上可以顺利萌发，其花粉管在花柱中生长较正常，但花粉管生长速度明显慢于陆地棉自交。野生棉花粉管到达陆地棉胚囊并释放精子完成双受精的频率很低，除陆地棉×Ｄ组雷蒙地棉受精率为３３．３％以外，其它几个杂交组合的受精率均低于１０％。杂种形成的胚乳游离核数量比陆地棉自交的少，而且比自交对照提早３～４天形成胚乳细胞。杂种胚乳组织形成后迅速解体。杂种原胚发育较正常，但杂种胚大多停滞在球形胚和近心形胚期；分化后的杂种胚呈现各种形态的畸形胚。杂交胚珠的珠心组织解体明显迟于自交胚珠，其解体时间和胚乳组织解体基本上一致。珠心组织的迟迟解体和胚乳组织异常发育导致杂种胚的败育。
This paper studied germination of pollen grains , growth of pollen
tubes,fertiliza-tion, development of hybrid embryos and endOsperm in interspecific crosses of
genomesamongst G. hirsutum(AD genome) × G. barbasamum(B genome ),G. hirsutum× G.
australe(Cgenome),G. hirsutum ×G. raimondii(D genome),G. hirsutum × G. somalense(E
genome)andG. hirsutum × G. bickii(G genome).Self-pollinated G. hirsutum served as control.
The mainresult were as follow:(1)germination of pollen grains on the stigina and growth of
pollentubes in the style in crossed group are basically normal as compared with control.
However,few pollen tu bes reached embryo sac and fertilization percentage was lower than
10% incrossed groups,except G. hirsutum × G.taimondii, which obtained highest percentage
as33.3%.(2 )the wall formation of free nuclei in crossed groups was 3～4 days earlier
thancontrol,while the proembryo developped as spheric embryo. Shortly after the cellular
en-dosperm was formed in the hybrid,it was degenerated.Meanwhile,the development of
spher-ic and pre-heart-shaped embryo in crossed groups was retarded(3) the degeneration
ofnucellar cell in crossed groups was later than control.
出处
《棉花学报》
CSCD
北大核心
1995年第1期12-17,共6页
Cotton Science
